打印 血管环 正常心脏和形成血管环的心脏 打开弹出式对话框 关闭 正常心脏和形成血管环的心脏 正常心脏和形成血管环的心脏 血管环是人体主动脉的主动脉弓部分或其分支围绕气管、食管或同时围绕两者形成的环状结构。左图所示为正常心脏。血管环(即双主动脉弓)示例见右图。 血管环是一种出生时即存在的心脏问题,属于先天性心脏缺陷。该病患者体内主要动脉部分或其分支会在气管、食管或二者周围形成一个环。 身体的主要动脉被称为主动脉。该病影响主动脉弓这个部分。 食管从嘴通向胃,是吞咽食物的管道。 气管是主要的呼吸通道。 血管环可能完整,也可能不完整。 完整的血管环会在食管和气管周围形成一个环。 不完整的血管环不会完全环绕食管或气管。 血管环通常需要手术治疗。 症状有些血管环患者并没有症状。有时,症状要到年龄较大时才被发现。血管环压迫气管和食管,可能引起呼吸和消化问题。 血管环的症状可能包括: 频繁呼吸道感染。 哮鸣。 咳嗽。 吞咽困难。 进食困难。 呕吐。 一些先天性血管环患者在出生时还可能有其他心脏问题。具体症状取决于心脏问题的类型。 病因The exact cause of vascular rings is not known. Congenital heart conditions happen as a baby, also called a fetus, is growing in the womb during pregnancy. Some things that may play a role in the development of congenital heart conditions are: Gene changes. Some medicines. Some health conditions. Lifestyle choices, including smoking. Things in your environment. 风险因素What increases the risk of vascular rings is not well known. Possible risk factors for vascular rings and other congenital heart conditions are: Genetics. Changes in some genes have been linked to congenital heart conditions. For example, people with Down syndrome often are born with heart conditions. Diabetes. Having type 1 or type 2 diabetes during pregnancy may change how the unborn baby's heart forms. But diabetes that develops during pregnancy doesn't typically increase a baby's risk of congenital heart conditions. Rubella, also called German measles. Having rubella during pregnancy can cause harmful changes in an unborn baby's heart. A blood test can be done before pregnancy to see if you're immune to rubella. A vaccine is available for people who aren't immune. Some medicines. Taking some medicines during pregnancy may increase the risk of congenital heart conditions. Examples include lithium (Lithobid) for bipolar disorder and isotretinoin (Claravis, Myorisan, others), which is used to treat acne. Talk with a healthcare professional about the medicines you take. Smoking. If you smoke, quit. Smoking during pregnancy or being around tobacco smoke increases the risk of some congenital heart conditions. Alcohol use. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy may increase the risk of heart conditions in the baby. 申请预约 Types 三尖瓣下移畸形 三尖瓣闭锁 主动脉缩窄 二叶主动脉瓣 先天性二尖瓣畸形 动脉导管未闭(PDA) 卵圆孔未闭 右心室双出口 大动脉转位 完全型肺静脉回流异常(TAPVR) 室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁 室间隔缺损(VSD) 室间隔缺损型肺动脉闭锁 川崎病 左心发育不良综合征 房室管缺损 房间隔缺损(ASD) 永存动脉干 法洛四联症 肺动脉瓣狭窄 肺动脉闭锁 艾森曼格综合征 血管环 部分型肺静脉回流异常 长 QT 综合征 预激综合征 (WPW) 诊断医务人员会对您进行体格检查并询问您与症状相关的问题。诊断血管环的检查可能包括: 影像学检查。胸部 X 线检查可以显示气管变化,这可能表明血管环的存在。检查还可以显示主动脉弓在身体的哪一侧。 其他影像学检查可能包括超声心动图、CT 血管造影或 MRI 扫描。医务人员也可能利用这些检查来制定治疗方案。 钡餐。这项检查需要吞服钡剂,然后通过 X 线观察钡剂从口腔进入胃的过程。该检测可显示是否存在可能由血管环引起的食管结构变化。 上消化道内镜检查。用一根带摄像头的长软管检查食管。这种设备叫做内镜。医务人员把它经口腔插入咽喉。内镜末端的微型摄像头会把图像传输到视频监视器上。 支气管镜。在这项检查中,医务人员会将一根小软管经口腔或鼻子插入肺部。医务人员可借助导管上的照明灯和小型摄像头观察气管和肺部气道的内部,这项检查可显示血管环是否挤压气管。 治疗通常需要手术来治疗压迫气管或食管的血管环。手术也有助于预防并发症。 医务人员在术中切开血管环,使血管不再压迫气管和食管。该手术可能会采用心内直视手术或微创手术的形式完成。 具体手术类型取决于心脏问题的类型。 先天性血管环患者一生都需要定期体检以预防并发症。 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请预约 Dec. 07, 2024 打印 Living with 儿童先天性心脏缺陷? Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Transplants support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. Transplants Discussions Liver transplant - Let's support each other 1636 Replies Sun, Mar 30, 2025 chevron-right MELD score goes up and down, does anyone else have this? 6 Replies Fri, Mar 28, 2025 chevron-right Transplant anti-rejection medications. What's your advice? 415 Replies Fri, Mar 28, 2025 chevron-right See more discussions 显示参考文献 Fulton DR, et al. Vascular rings and slings. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 28, 2022. Yoshimura N, et al. Congenital vascular ring. Surgery Today. 2020; doi:10.1007/s00595-019-01907-5. Kliegman RM, et al., eds. Other congenital heart and vascular malformations. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 28, 2022. Adam A, et al., eds. The thoracic aorta: Diagnostic aspects. In: Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 28, 2022. Tests for lung disease. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lung-tests#. Accessed Nov. 28, 2022. Kliegman RM, et al., eds. Respiratory distress. In: Nelson Pediatric Symptom-Based Diagnosis: Common Diseases and Their Mimics. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 28, 2022. 相关 什么是先天性心脏缺陷?专家解释 伴有狭窄的二叶主动脉瓣 儿童心脏病瓣膜问题:患儿及其家属应该了解的信息 先天性心脏缺陷常见问题解答 妙佑医疗国际先天性心脏病医护服务:Marcus 的故事 显示更多相关内容 相关医疗程序 心电图(ECG 或 EKG) 心脏导管插入术 心脏移植 胸部 X 线检查 超声心动图 显示更多相关医疗程序 产品与服务 书籍:《妙佑医疗国际家庭健康手册》 儿童先天性心脏缺陷症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室在 Mayo Clinic 治疗 Advertisement 妙佑医疗国际不为任何公司或产品背书。广告收入为我们的非营利使命提供支持。 广告与赞助政策 政策 机会 广告选择 妙佑医疗国际出版社 浏览妙佑医疗国际出版社提供的畅销书以及书籍和简报的特别优惠。 CON-20359711 患者护理和健康信息 疾病与状况 儿童先天性心脏缺陷