Tumor cerebral

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Craneofaringioma

El craneofaringioma es un tipo raro de tumor cerebral no canceroso.

El craneofaringioma comienza como una proliferación de células cerca de la glándula pituitaria del cerebro. La glándula pituitaria produce hormonas que controlan muchas funciones corporales. A medida que el craneofaringioma crece lentamente, puede afectar la glándula pituitaria y otras estructuras cercanas del cerebro.

El craneofaringioma puede producirse a cualquier edad, pero es más frecuente en niños y adultos mayores. Los síntomas incluyen cambios en la visión con el tiempo, fatiga, dolores de cabeza y micciones más frecuentes. Los niños con craneofaringioma pueden crecer lentamente y ser más pequeños de lo esperado.

Síntomas

Signs and symptoms of craniopharyngioma may include:

  • Headaches.
  • Vision changes.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Increased urination.
  • Sleepiness.
  • Memory troubles.
  • Loss of balance.
  • Trouble walking.
  • Changes in personality or behavior.
  • Weight gain and slowed growth in children.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

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Causas

It's not clear what causes craniopharyngioma. Craniopharyngioma begins as a growth of cells near the brain's pituitary gland. The pituitary gland makes hormones that control many body functions.

Craniopharyngioma happens when cells develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In tumor cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the tumor cells to grow and multiply quickly. Tumor cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.

Factores de riesgo

Healthcare professionals haven't found many risk factors for craniopharyngioma. This tumor can happen at any age. But it's more common in children and older adults.

Escrito por el personal de Mayo Clinic
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Dec. 19, 2024
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  1. Ferri FF. Craniopharyngioma. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2023. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 28, 2023.
  2. Harsh GR, et al. Craniopharyngioma. https://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed April 28, 2023.
  3. Childhood craniopharyngioma treatment (PDQ) – Patient version. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/child-cranio-treatment-pdq. Accessed April 28, 2023.
  4. Winn HR, ed. Pediatric craniopharyngiomas. In: Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 28, 2023.
  5. Craniopharyngioma. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/craniopharyngioma-childhood/view-all. Accessed April 28, 2023.

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