Descripción general

La enfermedad de la válvula tricúspide es un tipo de valvulopatía cardíaca (enfermedad cardíaca valvular), en la que la válvula que se encuentra entre las dos cavidades cardíacas derechas (ventrículo derecho y aurícula derecha) no funciona correctamente. Como resultado, el corazón debe esforzarse más para enviar sangre a los pulmones y el resto del cuerpo.

La enfermedad de la válvula tricúspide, generalmente, aparece con otros problemas en las válvulas cardíacas.

Los síntomas y los tratamientos de esta enfermedad varían según la afección específica de la válvula. El tratamiento puede incluir control, medicamentos, o reparación o reemplazo de la válvula.

Tipos

Existen varios tipos de enfermedades de la válvula tricúspide, entre ellas:

  • Regurgitación de la válvula tricúspide. En este caso, la válvula no se cierra correctamente. Como resultado, la sangre se filtra en sentido inverso hacia la cavidad superior derecha (aurícula derecha).
  • Estenosis de la válvula tricúspide. La válvula se estrechó o está bloqueada. Es más difícil que la sangre circule desde la cavidad superior derecha del corazón (aurícula derecha) hasta la cavidad inferior derecha del corazón (ventrículo derecho).
  • Atresia tricuspídea. En esta afección presente al nacer (defecto cardíaco congénito), la válvula tricúspide no está formada. Una capa sólida de tejido bloquea el flujo sanguíneo entre las cavidades cardíacas derechas.
  • Anomalía de Ebstein. Es un problema cardíaco poco frecuente que se presenta en el nacimiento (defecto cardíaco congénito). La válvula tricúspide está en una posición incorrecta y las hojuelas de la válvula tienen malformaciones. La sangre puede filtrarse hacia atrás a través de la válvula (regurgitación de la válvula tricúspide).

Síntomas

Symptoms of tricuspid valve disease depend on the specific valve condition and how severe it is.

Tricuspid stenosis symptoms are often mild. Symptoms may include:

  • A fast, pounding heartbeat.
  • Fluttering feeling in the neck.
  • Fatigue.

People with tricuspid regurgitation may not have symptoms. But the condition may cause vague symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and swelling in the legs or belly. Sometimes there is a pulsing feeling in the neck veins.

Tricuspid atresia and Ebstein anomaly symptoms often are seen at birth. They may include:

  • Blue or gray skin and lips. Depending on skin color, these changes may be easier or harder to see.
  • Difficulty breathing.
  • Slow growth and poor weight gain.
  • Tiring easily, especially during feedings.

Some types of tricuspid valve disease may cause symptoms of right-sided heart failure. Right-sided heart failure symptoms include:

  • Fatigue and weakness.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Swelling in the legs, ankles and feet.
  • Swelling of the belly area, a condition called ascites.
  • Sudden weight gain from a buildup of fluid.

When to see a doctor

If you have changes in your heartbeat or unexplained weakness or fatigue, make an appointment for a health checkup. You may be sent to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist.

Causas

Causes of tricuspid valve disease depend on the specific condition.

To understand the causes of heart valve disease, it may be helpful to know how the heart works.

Four valves in the heart keep blood flowing in the right direction. These valves are:

  • Aortic valve.
  • Mitral valve.
  • Pulmonary valve.
  • Tricuspid valve.

Each valve has flaps, called leaflets or cusps. The flaps open and close once during each heartbeat. If a valve flap doesn't open or close properly, less blood moves out of the heart to the rest of the body.

Some people are born with tricuspid valve disease. In others, it happens later in life. Some causes of tricuspid valve disease later in life are:

  • Infection of the lining of the heart and heart valves, called infective endocarditis.
  • A complication of strep throat that's not treated, called rheumatic fever.
  • A connective tissue disorder called Marfan syndrome.
  • Carcinoid syndrome, caused by a rare tumor that releases certain chemicals.
  • Heart tumors or cancer that has spread to the right side of the heart.
  • Lupus and other autoimmune diseases.
  • Scarring from chest radiation or pacemaker placement.
  • An irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation (AFib).
  • High pressures in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension.

Factores de riesgo

Risk factors for tricuspid valve disease depend on the specific condition.

Anything that causes swelling or irritation of the right side of the heart or changes in the structure of the valve can increase the risk of tricuspid valve disease.

Estudios clínicos

Explora los estudios de Mayo Clinic que ensayan nuevos tratamientos, intervenciones y pruebas para prevenir, detectar, tratar o controlar esta afección.

Sept. 01, 2022

Living with enfermedad de la válvula tricúspide?

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