نظرة عامة

الورم الحبلي هو نوع نادر من سرطان العظام يحدث غالبًا في عظام العمود الفقري أو الجمجمة. غالبًا ما يتشكّل في منطقة استقرار الجمجمة فوق العمود الفقري (قاعدة الجمجمة) أو في الجزء السفلي من العمود الفقري (عظم العجز).

ويبدأ الورم الحبلي في الخلايا التي كانت تشكّل من قبل مجموعة من الخلايا في الجنين النامي والتي تتطور لتصبح أقراص العمود الفقري. وتختفي معظم هذه الخلايا بمجرد ولادتك أو بعد ذلك بوقت قصير. لكن في بعض الأحيان يبقى عدد قليل من هذه الخلايا، ونادرًا ما تصبح سرطانية.

وغالبًا ما يحدث الورم الحبلي لدى البالغين الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40 و60 عامًا، على الرغم من أنه يمكن أن يظهر في أي مرحلة عمرية.

ويُلاحظ أنه عادةً ما ينمو الورم الحبلي ببطء. فقد يكون من الصعب علاجه لأنه غالبًا ما يكون قريبًا جدًا من الحبل الشوكي والأعضاء المهمة الأخرى، مثل الشرايين أو الأعصاب أو الدماغ.

الأعراض

Signs and symptoms of chordoma may include:

  • Headache.
  • Neck pain.
  • Vision trouble, including blurred or double vision or vision loss.
  • Trouble with balance.
  • Hearing loss.
  • Facial paralysis.
  • Muscle weakness.
  • Trouble swallowing.
  • Shortness of breath.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

الأسباب

It's not clear what causes most chordomas. This cancer most often starts in the bones in the skull or spine.

Chordoma happens when cells in the bones develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.

The cancer cells form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it's called metastatic cancer.

عوامل الخطورة

Factors that may increase the risk of chordoma include:

  • Age. Chordoma can happen at any age. Most often, however, this cancer happens in people ages 40 to 60.
  • Family history. People with a family history of chordoma may have a greater chance of developing it.

14/03/2025

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