来自妙佑医疗国际员工

要对有头部创伤的患者进行急救，请拨打 911 或您当地的急救电话。以下任一症状均可能表明头部严重受伤：

成人

  • 头部或面部严重出血。
  • 鼻子或耳朵出血或漏液。
  • 呕吐。
  • 剧烈头痛。
  • 意识变化持续超过数秒。
  • 眼下或耳后出现黑青色。
  • 停止呼吸。
  • 意识模糊。
  • 焦虑不安。
  • 失去平衡。
  • 手臂或腿部无力或无法移动。
  • 瞳孔大小不同。
  • 言语不清。
  • 癫痫发作。

儿童

  • 任何上述成人症状。
  • 持续哭泣。
  • 拒绝进食。
  • 囟门部位隆起（婴儿）。
  • 反复呕吐。

在等待紧急医疗救助的过程中，请先实施以下急救步骤：

  • 让伤者原地不动。让伤者躺倒，头部和肩部稍微抬高。除非有必要，否则不要移动伤者。避免移动伤者的颈部。如果伤者戴着头盔，请勿取下。
  • 止血。用无菌纱布或干净的布用力按压伤口。但是如果您怀疑存在颅骨骨折，请勿直接按压伤口。
  • 留意呼吸和警觉性变化。如果伤者没有循环体征，即没有呼吸、咳嗽或活动，请开始实施心肺复苏（CPR）。

导致脑震荡症状的头部创伤应该由医务人员评估。脑震荡症状包括恶心、站立不稳、头痛或难以集中注意力。

When to seek emergency help

Call 911 or your local emergency number if someone has had a serious head injury — such as a fall from a ladder or a motor vehicle accident — or if the person has the following symptoms. With potentially serious head injuries, it is important to protect the person's neck and spine. Do this by having the person lie still. Don't move the person until emergency medical help has arrived and made an evaluation.

Adults
  • Serious head or facial bleeding.
  • Bleeding or fluid leakage from the nose or ears.
  • Change in consciousness for longer than a few seconds.
  • Not breathing.
  • Confusion, agitation or restlessness that continues to get worse.
  • Loss of balance.
  • Weakness or not being able to use an arm or leg.
  • One pupil bigger than the other. The pupil is the black part of the eye.
  • Slurred speech.
  • Seizures.
Children
  • Any of the symptoms for adults.
  • Persistent crying.
  • Refusal to eat.
  • Bulging in the soft spot on the front of the head in infants.
  • Repeated vomiting.

Treatment

Follow these first-aid steps while waiting for emergency medical help to arrive:
  • Keep the person still. The injured person should lie down with the head and shoulders slightly elevated. Don't move the person unless necessary. Avoid moving the person's neck. If the person is wearing a helmet, don't remove it.
  • Stop any bleeding. Apply firm pressure to the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth. But don't apply direct pressure to the wound if you suspect a skull fracture.
  • Watch for changes in breathing and alertness. If the person shows no signs of circulation — no breathing, coughing or movement — begin CPR.

Someone with head trauma can be driven to the emergency department if the person can walk and is alert but has:

  • Black-and-blue marks below the eyes or behind the ears.
  • Confusion.

When to call your doctor

Head trauma that results in concussion symptoms needs to be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Concussion symptoms include:

  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Ringing in the ears.
  • Trouble with balance or staying steady.
  • Headaches.
  • Blurry vision.
  • Trouble concentrating.
  • Memory loss around the event that caused the head trauma.
Dec. 18, 2024

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