孤立性纤维瘤
孤立性纤维瘤是体内几乎所有部位都可能出现的细胞生长。这种生长（肿瘤）始于支持体内其他组织的组织（结缔组织）中的细胞。孤立性纤维瘤很罕见，常累及老年人。
孤立性纤维瘤最常发生于肺部外围的内膜（胸膜）。胸膜内生长的孤立性纤维瘤称为胸膜孤立性纤维瘤。此外，在头颈部、乳房、肾脏、前列腺、脊髓和其他部位也曾发现孤立性纤维瘤。
大多数孤立性纤维瘤不会发生癌变，不会扩散至身体其他部位。极少数情况下，孤立性纤维瘤可能回癌变，这也称为恶行肿瘤。
孤立性纤维瘤通常生长缓慢，在变大之前可能不会引起任何症状。症状取决于肿瘤在体内的位置。如果在肺部，症状可能包括咳嗽和气短。
症状
Solitary fibrous tumor signs and symptoms can depend upon where the tumor grows. Solitary fibrous tumors often grow so slowly that they don't cause symptoms for some time. They most often happen around the lungs, abdomen, and head and neck.
Symptoms of a solitary fibrous tumor in or around the lungs include:
- Chest pain.
- Cough.
- Coughing up blood.
- Swelling of fingers or toes, called clubbing.
- Shortness of breath.
- Swelling in the lower legs.
Symptoms of a solitary fibrous tumor in the abdomen include:
- Abdominal pain.
- Constipation.
- Involuntary urine leaking.
- Painful urination.
- Urinating frequently at night.
- Vomiting.
Symptoms of a solitary fibrous tumor in the head and neck include:
- Bulging eyes.
- Frequent tearing.
Solitary fibrous tumors that happen in other places in the body may cause painless lumps or masses.
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have ongoing symptoms that worry you.
病因
The cause of solitary fibrous tumors isn't known. A solitary fibrous tumor starts when cells develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In tumor cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the tumor cells to grow and multiply quickly. This causes too many cells.
The cells might form a mass called a tumor. The solitary fibrous tumor can grow to press on blood vessels and healthy body tissue. Rarely, the cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body, which is called metastasis.
风险因素
The main risk factor for solitary fibrous tumors is older age. Solitary fibrous tumors are most common between ages 50 and 70.
There is no way to prevent solitary fibrous tumors.
诊断
用于诊断孤立性纤维瘤的检查和医疗程序包括：
治疗
孤立性纤维瘤的治疗通常包括：
-
手术。大多数情况下，治疗孤立性纤维瘤只需要做手术。外科医生会切除肿瘤及其周围的少量健康组织。切除孤立性纤维瘤的手术类型取决于肿瘤在体内的位置。
为了降低肿瘤复发的风险，术后也可能辅以其他治疗。其他治疗方法可能包括放疗或化疗。
-
放射疗法。放疗是指使用强大的能量束来杀死肿瘤细胞。能量可能来自 X 线、质子或其他来源。放疗过程中，您需要躺在治疗台上，同时有一台机器在您周围移动，并对您身体的特定部位进行精准辐射。
如果手术无法切除所有肿瘤，手术后可能会采用放疗。放疗可能会降低手术后肿瘤复发的风险。有时，会在手术前使用放疗来缩小肿瘤，这样或许更有可能完全切除肿瘤。
- 化疗。化疗使用强效药物来杀死肿瘤细胞。如果孤立性纤维瘤已经扩散或无法通过手术切除，可能会使用化疗。
- 靶向治疗。靶向治疗是使用药物来攻击肿瘤细胞中的特定化学物质。通过阻断这些化学物质，最终杀死肿瘤细胞。如果孤立性纤维瘤是癌性肿瘤并且已扩散至身体其他部位，可能会使用靶向治疗。
Preparing for your appointment
Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you. If your health professional thinks you might have a solitary fibrous tumor, you will likely be referred to a specialist. Specialists who care for people with solitary fibrous tumors include:
- Cancer doctors, called medical oncologists.
- Surgeons who operate on the lungs and chest, called thoracic surgeons.
- Surgeons who operate on the brain and nerves, called neurosurgeons.
- Surgeons who operate on the abdomen, called general surgeons.
Appointments can be short and being prepared can help. Here's some information that may help you get ready.
What you can do
When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as fasting before having a specific test.
Make a list of:
- Your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to the reason for your appointment.
- Key personal information, including major stresses, recent life changes and family medical history.
- All medications, vitamins or other supplements you take, including the doses.
- Questions to ask your doctor.
Take a family member or friend along, if possible, to help you remember the information you're given.
For solitary fibrous tumors, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:
- Do I need more tests?
- What are my treatment options?
- What are the potential risks for these treatment options?
- Do any of the treatments keep the tumor from growing back?
- Can I have a copy of my pathology report?
- How much time can I take to consider my treatment options?
- Are there brochures or other printed materials that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend?
- What would happen if I choose not to have treatment?
Don't hesitate to ask other questions.
What to expect from your doctor
Your healthcare professional may ask questions about your symptoms, such as:
- When did your symptoms begin?
- Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
- How severe are your symptoms?
- What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?
- What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?
Dec. 04, 2024