膀胱输尿管反流

诊断

您的医务人员可能会将您转诊给专门治疗泌尿系统疾病的医生（泌尿科医生），以便为您提供诊断。

诊断肾积水的相关检查可能包括：

• 血液检查，用于评估肾功能
• 尿液检查，用于检查可能引起梗阻的尿结石和感染迹象
• 超声波影像检查，帮助医生查看肾脏、膀胱及其他尿路结构，从而确定可能的问题
• 专门针对尿路的 X 线检查，医生会使用一种特殊造影剂，帮助肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道显像，并在排尿之前及期间采集图像

如有需要，医生可能建议您接受额外的影像学检查，例如 CT 扫描或 MRI。另一种可能的检查名为 MAG3 扫描，可用于评估肾脏的功能及排尿功能。

治疗

根据肾积水的根本原因对其进行治疗。虽然有时需要手术，但肾积水往往会自行消退。

• 轻至中度肾积水。您的医生可能会持观望的态度，看看您自己是否会好转。即使如此，医生可能还是会建议您进行预防性抗生素治疗来降低尿路感染的风险。
• 重度肾积水。肾积水导致肾脏功能障碍时（更为严重的肾积水或伴有反流的肾积水可能出现这种情况），可能建议通过手术修复堵塞或纠正反流。

如果不及时治疗，重度肾积水会导致永久性的肾脏受损。极少数情况下，它可能导致肾衰竭。但肾积水一般只影响一只肾，而另一只肾可以承担两只肾脏的工作。

准备您的预约

You may start by seeing your main healthcare professional. Or you might be referred to a doctor called a urologist who finds and treats urinary tract conditions.

Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment.

What you can do

When you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance. For instance, you may need to stop eating for a certain number of hours before a test. Also, it helps to make a list of:

• Your symptoms, including any that don't seem related to the reason for your appointment.
• Key personal information, including major stresses, recent life changes and family medical history.
• All medicines, vitamins and other supplements you take, including the doses.
• Questions to ask your healthcare professional.

Take a family member or friend along if you can. This person can help you remember the information you're given.

For hydronephrosis, some basic questions to ask your healthcare professional include:

• What's likely causing my symptoms? Are there other possible causes?
• What tests do I need?
• Is my condition likely short-term or long lasting?
• What treatment is right for me? Are there other treatment choices as well?
• I have other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
• Are there restrictions I need to follow?
• Should I see a specialist?
• Are there brochures or other printed material I can have? What websites do you recommend?

Feel free to ask other questions.

What to expect from your doctor

Your healthcare professional is likely to ask you questions such as:

• When did your symptoms start?
• Do your symptoms happen some of the time or all of the time?
• How bad are your symptoms?
• What, if anything, seems to make your symptoms better?
• What, if anything, appears to make your symptoms worse?