打印 诊断根据体格检查和检查可能引起呕吐、腹泻或其他症状的因素作出诊断。医务人员的问题将涵盖以下内容: 您的症状。 您最近摄入的食物或饮品。 同食人员的症状。 近期用药变化。 近期旅行情况。 医务人员会对您进行检查,以排除其他病因,并查看是否有脱水迹象。 医务人员可能会安排一些检查,包括: 粪便样本检测,以确定是哪种细菌、病毒、寄生虫或毒素。 血液检测,以确定病因、排除其他疾病或确定并发症。 一个人或一个家庭发生食物中毒时,很难确定是哪种食物受到了污染。从进食被污染的食物到发病,整个过程可能是几小时,也可能是几天。在这段时间内,您可能有一次或多次进餐。如此一来,很难判断是哪种食物导致您生病。 如果爆发大型食物中毒事件,公共卫生官员或许能找出所有人都吃过的食物。 治疗食物中毒的治疗方法取决于症状的严重程度和病因。在大多数情况下,无需药物治疗。 治疗可能包括以下内容: 补液。液体和电解质,维持体内液体平衡。电解质包括钠、钾和钙等矿物质。呕吐或腹泻后,请务必补充液体,以防脱水。如果出现严重脱水,可能需要就医。您可能需要静脉输注液体和电解质。 抗生素。如果疾病由细菌引起,医生可能会开具抗生素。抗生素通常用于患有严重疾病或并发症风险较高的人群。 抗寄生虫药物。针对寄生虫的药物称为抗寄生虫药物,通常用于治疗寄生虫感染。 益生菌。医务人员可能建议您使用益生菌。这些是替代消化系统健康细菌的治疗方法。 用于治疗腹泻或胃部不适的药物腹泻但没有出血也没有发热的成人可服用洛哌丁胺(Imodium A-D)治疗腹泻,也可以服用次水杨酸铋(Pepto-Bismol、Kaopectate 等)治疗胃部不适。不建议儿童使用这些非处方药。 向医生咨询这些方案。 申请预约 生活方式与家庭疗法在大多数人中,相关症状通常会在 48 小时内好转,无需治疗。恢复期间,为减少不适并防止脱水,请尝试以下方法: 让胃休息。让胃充分休息,有饥饿感再进食。 补充水分。通过喝水、运动饮料、加水果汁或肉汤来补充水分。儿童或有严重疾病风险的人应饮用补液(Pedialyte、Enfalyte 等)。在给婴儿喂补液之前请先咨询医生。 慢慢恢复进食。逐渐开始食用清淡、低脂、易消化的食物,例如苏打饼干、吐司、凝胶、香蕉和米饭。如果再次感觉胃部不适,请停止进食。 在感觉良好之前,避免接触某些食物和物品。它们包括奶制品、咖啡因、酒精、尼古丁以及脂肪含量高或富调味料的食物。 休息。好好休息,以便从疾病和脱水中恢复。 准备您的预约您可能要先看初级保健医生。但在某些情况下,您可能需要看传染病专科医生。 准备好回答下列问题。 您的症状是什么时候开始的? 症状是持续存在还是时有时无? 您是否有过血性腹泻或便血? 您是否有过黑便或柏油样便? 您是否发热? 您最近吃过什么? 与您吃过相同食物的人是否也出现了症状? 您最近旅行过吗?在哪里? 您使用过哪些药物、膳食补充剂或草药? 在症状开始前的几天或几周内,您是否服用过抗生素? 您最近是否更换过药物? 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 申请预约 症状与病因 Feb. 23, 2024 打印 显示参考文献 Foodborne germs and illnesses. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/foodborne-germs.html. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. Definition & facts of food poisoning. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning/definition-facts. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. Symptoms & causes of food poisoning. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning/symptoms-causes. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. LaRocque R. Causes of acute infectious diarrhea and other foodborne illnesses in resource-rich settings. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. Bennett JE, et al. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. Schmitt BD. Pediatric Telephone Protocols: Office Version. 17th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. Fever. American College of Emergency Physicians. https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/fever. Accessed Nov. 30, 2022. Bacteria and viruses. FoodSafety.gov. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-poisoning/bacteria-and-viruses. Accessed Nov. 16, 2022. Kellerman RD, et al. Foodborne illnesses. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2022. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 13, 2022. Goldman L, et al., eds. Giardiasis. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Nov. 13, 2022. Diagnosis of food poisoning. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning/diagnosis. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. LaRocque R. Approach to the adult with acute diarrhea in resource-rich settings. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. Treatment for food poisoning. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning/treatment. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. Eating, diet and nutrition for food poisoning. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/food-poisoning/eating-diet-nutrition. Accessed Nov. 20, 2022. Four steps to food safety: Clean, separate, cook, chill. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/keep-food-safe.html. Accessed Nov. 7, 2022. Leftovers and food safety. U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/leftovers-and-food-safety. Accessed Nov. 20, 2022. Foods that can cause food poisoning. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/foods-linked-illness.html. Accessed Nov. 20, 2022. Molds on food: Are they dangerous? Food Safety and Inspection Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/molds-food-are-they-dangerous Accessed Dec. 1, 2022. 相关 Mayo Clinic 新闻 Mayo Clinic Minute: Food recalls and sickness Oct. 16, 2024, 01:07 p.m. CDT 4 essential food safety tips for summertime gatherings July 04, 2024, 02:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Minute: Tips for safer picnics May 24, 2024, 03:00 p.m. CDT Mayo Clinic Minute: Does one moldy berry spoil the whole bunch? 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