诊断
用于诊断皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的检查和医疗程序包括：
Physical exam
A healthcare professional may do a physical exam to look over your skin for scaly areas or growths. The healthcare professional may check for other signs of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, such as swollen lymph nodes.
Blood tests
Blood tests such as a complete blood count can give information about your condition. Sometimes blood tests show cancer cells in the blood. This is more common with one type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma called Sezary syndrome.
Skin biopsy
钻取活检
钻取活检
钻取活检过程中，医生使用一种圆头切割工具取出深层皮肤进行检测。根据伤口大小，可能需要进行缝合。
切除活检
切除活检
切除活检时，用手术刀切除整个肿块或者整块异常皮肤区域及周围一些健康皮肤。在这种情况下，可能需要缝合伤口。
A skin biopsy is a procedure to remove cells from the surface of the body so that they can be tested in a lab. The tests can show whether cancer cells are present in the skin.
A healthcare professional might take the sample of cells with a circular cutting tool. This type of biopsy is called a punch biopsy. For larger areas and growths, the healthcare professional might use a small knife. This is called an excisional biopsy.
Skin biopsies don't always detect cancer cells, even when cancer is present. You might need more than one skin biopsy over time.
Imaging tests
If there's concern that the cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body, your healthcare professional might suggest imaging tests. These might include a computerized tomography scan, also called a CT scan, or a positron emission tomography scan, also called a PET scan.
治疗
有多种治疗方案可供皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤患者选择。最适合您的疗法取决于您的具体情况，包括淋巴瘤的程度或分期。大多数患者会接受皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的综合治疗。
治疗方案可能包括：
- 护肤霜和软膏。可以把乳霜、凝胶和软膏形式的药物敷在皮肤上。皮质类固醇可以帮助应对皮肤发红和发痒。化疗可应用于皮肤以攻击癌细胞。
- 光照治疗。光照治疗包括让皮肤接触多个波长的光，如紫外线 B 或紫外线 A。光照治疗时使用的机器各异，包括让身体大部分接触光照的展台。有时会在使用可使皮肤细胞对光更敏感的药物后再进行光照治疗（光动力疗法）。健康细胞可迅速再生，但癌细胞不会。
- 放射疗法。放射疗法是利用能量束杀死癌细胞。如果您某个部位患有皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤，建议接受 X 线标准放射疗法。对于癌症患病部位更多的人群，可采用靶向皮肤且不累及内脏的电子束进行放射治疗。电子束辐射疗法通常适用于所有皮肤。
- 药物。皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤的药物治疗包括控制免疫系统的疗法，如类固醇药物和干扰素。化疗药物可攻击快速生长的细胞，包括癌细胞。靶向治疗药物通过靶向癌细胞的特定弱点来攻击癌细胞。
- 将血细胞接触光。一种叫做体外光照疗法的操作包括利用药物使您的细胞对光更敏感。然后将您的血液经机器过滤，让血液接触紫外光，随后将血液回输至身体。
- 骨髓移植。骨髓移植，也称为干细胞移植，是一项用所匹配捐赠者的健康骨髓（同种异体骨髓移植）替换患病骨髓的手术。移植过程中，您会接受化疗药物来抑制患病骨髓恶化。随后将健康的供体细胞注入您体内，供体细胞在到达骨头后开始重建您的骨髓。
Skin creams and ointments
Some medicines for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are applied to the skin. The medicines may come in creams, gels and ointments.
Medicines used in this way include:
- Steroid medicines. Steroid medicines put on the skin can help control rash and itchiness.
- Chemotherapy medicines. Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Some chemotherapy medicines are put on the skin to kill the cancer cells.
Light therapy
Light therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma involves shining a certain kind of light on the skin to kill the cancer cells. During this treatment, you stand in a treatment area while lamps shine on your skin. The treatment often is given a few times a week for several weeks.
Sometimes light therapy also uses medicine to make the cancer cells easier to hurt with the light. This is called photodynamic therapy.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. For cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the energy beams are most often X-rays or electrons. The treatment might target a small area of cancer on the skin. Or it can be given to all the skin on the body.
Medicines in pill form or through a vein
Some medicines for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are given in pill form or through a vein. Giving the medicine this way means it travels through the body and can treat the cancer wherever it is growing.
Medicines used in this way include:
- Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. The medicines kill the cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die.
- Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body's immune system kill cancer cells. The immune system fights off diseases by attacking germs and other cells that shouldn't be in the body. Cancer cells survive by hiding from the immune system. Immunotherapy helps the immune system cells find and kill the cancer cells.
Bone marrow transplant
A bone marrow transplant, also called a bone marrow stem cell transplant, involves putting healthy bone marrow stem cells into the body. These cells replace cells hurt by chemotherapy and other treatments. A bone marrow transplant might be used when cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is far along or comes back after other treatments.
临床试验
探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法，旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。
生活方式与家庭疗法
适当护理皮肤有助于缓解症状（如瘙痒）并降低感染风险。医生可能会为您提供特殊治疗，以缓解瘙痒并管理感染风险。
以下措施可能有所帮助：
- 使用温和的无香型肥皂。使用温和肥皂不会引起其他刺激，有助于缓解瘙痒。
- 为皮肤保湿。沐浴和洗浴后在皮肤上涂抹乳液有助于缓解瘙痒，为皮肤筑起保护屏障，防止细菌感染。
- 询问有关漂白浴的问题。询问医生经常漂白浴是否有助于降低感染风险。进行漂白浴时，将 1/2 杯（118 毫升）的家用漂白剂（而非浓缩型漂白剂）倒入加入温水的 40 加仑（151 升）浴缸中。度量标准为美国标准尺寸浴缸加满至溢流式排水口。每周浸泡两次或三次，每次最长 10 分钟。之后用清水冲洗并涂抹保湿剂。
妥善处理与支持
随着时间推移，您将会了解有助于您应对伴随癌症确诊而来的不确定性和忧虑的方法。在此之前，以下措施对您可能有帮助：
准备您的预约
如果您对任何体征或症状感到担心，请先与初级保健医生约诊。
以下信息可以帮助您做好就诊准备。
您可以做些什么
约诊时，询问是否需要提前做准备，例如在某项检查前禁食。列出以下内容：
- 您的症状，包括任何似乎与您的约诊原因无关的症状
- 关键个人信息，包括重大压力、近期的生活变化和家族史
- 您服用的所有药物、维生素或其他补充剂及其剂量
- 需咨询医生的问题
尽量请家人或朋友陪同就诊，他们可以帮您记住医务人员告知的信息。
对于皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤，需向医生咨询的一些基本问题包括：
- 导致我出现症状的可能原因是什么？
- 除了最可能的原因之外，还有哪些可能引起我症状的其他原因？
- 我需要做哪些检查？
- 最佳治疗方案是什么？
- 除了您建议的主要方案外，还有哪些替代方案？
- 我还有一些其他健康状况。我怎样才能同时管理好疾病和其他健康问题？
- 我需要遵守哪些限制规定？
- 我应该去看专科医生吗？
- 有没有我可以参考的手册或其他印刷材料？您推荐哪些网站？
就诊期间，您可以随时询问其他问题。
医生可能做些什么
医生可能会问一些问题，例如：
- 您的症状是什么时候开始的？
- 症状是持续存在还是偶尔出现？
- 您的症状有多严重？
- 有没有什么因素似乎会令您的症状好转？
- 有没有什么因素似乎会令您的症状恶化？
Feb. 09, 2023