موسعات الأوعية.

تعالج هذه الأدوية مجموعة متنوعة من الحالات المرَضية، منها ارتفاع ضغط الدم.

من إعداد فريق مايو كلينك

موسعات الأوعية هي أدوية تعمل على فتح الأوعية الدموية وتوسيعها، وتؤثر على العضلات الموجودة في جدران الشرايين والأوردة، إذ تمنع شد العضلات وتضيق تلك الجدران.

ونتيجةً لذلك، يتدفق الدم بسهولة أكبر عبر الأوعية. ولا يحتاج القلب إلى ضخ الدم بالقوة نفسها، ما يؤدي إلى خفض ضغط الدم.

من موسعات الأوعية الدموية التي تؤثر مباشرةً على جدران الأوعية هيدرالازين ومينوكسيديل. وتوجد أدوية أخرى مستخدمة لعلاج ارتفاع ضغط الدم، مثل حاصرات قنوات الكالسيوم، تعمل أيضًا على توسيع الأوعية الدموية.

استخدام موسعات الأوعية الدموية

تُوصف موسعات الأوعية للوقاية من أو علاج أو تحسين أعراض العديد من الحالات المرَضية كالآتي:

  • ارتفاع ضغط الدم
  • ارتفاع ضغط الدم أثناء الحمل أو الولادة
  • فشل القلب
  • ارتفاع ضغط الدم الذي يؤثر على شرايين الرئتين، أو ما يُعرف بارتفاع ضغط الدم الرئوي

الآثار الجانبية والتحذيرات

موسعات الأوعية الدموية المباشرة هي أدوية قوية لا تُستخدم عادةً إلا في حال عدم قدرة الأدوية الأخرى على ضبط ضغط الدم على نحو ملائم تمامًا.

ولهذه الأدوية عدة آثار جانبية، قد يتطلب بعضها أخذ أدوية أخرى لعلاجها.

وتشمل آثارها الجانبية ما يلي:

  • تسارع ضربات القلب
  • رفرفة أو خفقان في القلب أو سرعة ضرباته
  • تورّم بسبب تراكم السوائل في الجسم، يُطلَق عليه الوذمة
  • الغثيان
  • القيء
  • الصداع
  • نمو الشعر المفرط
  • ألم المفاصل
  • ألم في الصدر

استشر فريق الرعاية الصحية إذا كانت لديك أي استفسارات حول الأدوية التي تأخذها.

21/10/2023 انظر المزيد من التفاصيل الشاملة

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