概述
术中磁共振成像
术中磁共振成像
由于大脑在手术期间可能移位，使用脑图技术和术中 MRI 生成大脑的精确图像，可以指导神经外科医生有效切除肿瘤，同时避开任何功能性大脑组织，保留运动机能、语言和其他重要脑部功能。
在计算机辅助的脑部手术中，外科医生使用诸如磁共振成像（简称 MRI）、术中 MRI、CT扫描（简称 CT）和正电子发射断层成像（简称 PET）扫描等影像学检查技术来创建大脑的三维模型。可以在手术之前（偶尔是在手术过程中）进行这些影像学检查。
此模型使您的脑外科医生（神经外科医生）可以规划最安全的治疗方式。在您的手术过程中，计算机系统将您的外科医生精确地引导到需要治疗的大脑区域。
目的
脑深部刺激
脑深部刺激
进行脑深部刺激时要在大脑深处植入电极。电极传递的刺激量由放置在胸部皮肤下类似起搏器的装置控制。一根穿过皮肤的导线将装置与电极相连接。
计算机辅助脑部手术用于治疗影响脑部的多种状况，包括脑肿瘤、帕金森病、特发性震颤、癫痫和动静脉畸形。
如果患有脑肿瘤，外科医生可能会将计算机辅助脑手术与清醒脑部手术联合使用。
妙佑医疗国际的神经外科医生也会使用计算机辅助技术，通过利用脑立体定向放射外科手术精确聚焦辐射光束来治疗脑肿瘤、动静脉畸形和三叉神经痛等状况。
如果患有癫痫、帕金森病或特发性震颤，计算机辅助脑手术可能会涉及脑深部刺激。外科医生可以利用 MRI 来帮助绘制大脑图像并画出电极位置。
风险
Computer-assisted brain surgery helps to lower the risks of surgeries. By creating a 3D model of your brain, your neurosurgeon can plan the safest way to treat your condition. Computer assistance also helps guide your surgeon to the precise areas of the brain that need treatment. However, every surgery carries some risk.
Stereotactic radiosurgery has few risks, and potential side effects are often temporary. They may include feeling very tired, and soreness and swelling at the treatment site. Side effects also may include scalp irritation. Rarely, brain changes may occur months after the surgery.
Deep brain stimulation also has risks, including infection, bleeding, seizures and stroke.
If part of the skull is removed for surgery, potential risks include bleeding, swelling or infection.
如何进行准备
Follow the instructions from your healthcare team about what to do in the days and hours before brain surgery. You may need to stop certain medicines before surgery.
For example, blood-thinning medicines slow the blood-clotting process. These medicines can increase the risk of bleeding. Talk to your healthcare team about whether you need to stop taking a blood-thinning medicine before surgery and for how long.
可能出现的情况
What happens during computer-assisted brain surgery depends on the type of surgery you're having. A medicine that puts you in a sleep-like state, known as general anesthesia, often is used in computer-assisted brain surgery. If you're having awake brain surgery, you're given medicines to feel relaxed and block pain but that keep you awake. This allows you to interact with the surgery team to maximize safety during surgery.
Sometimes a piece of skull is removed to operate on the brain. In other surgeries, such as stereotactic radiosurgery, no cuts are made. Instead, radiation is aimed at the area of the brain needing treatment.
Your neurosurgeon may take imaging scans during surgery, known as intraoperative MRI or CT using a portable CT scanner. The imaging machine used to take the images may be in the operating room and brought to you for the imaging. Or it may be in a room next door and you're brought to the machine for the images.
结果
Computer-assisted brain surgery helps surgeons more precisely plan and conduct brain surgeries. When brain surgery is more precise, it leads to better outcomes and fewer complications.
Using imaging during surgery, known as intraoperative MRI or CT, helps neurosurgeons take into account changes to the brain that occur during surgery. For example, the brain can shift during surgery. Taking images during surgery helps to make the surgery more precise. Intraoperative imaging also alerts surgeons to complications so that they can be addressed quickly.
Some research has found that using intraoperative MRIs helps surgeons more completely remove a tumor or damaged tissue. Computer-assisted brain surgery also allows more healthy tissue to be spared while targeting only the brain tissue that's being operated on.