概述

语音障碍的发生有许多原因。语音障碍是指嗓音听起来异常。由接受过耳鼻喉疾病培训的医务人员和言语病理医生诊断和治疗嗓音问题。

治疗方法取决于引起嗓音改变的原因。可以采用语音疗法、药物、注射或手术等方法来治疗。

症状

Voice disorder symptoms can vary depending on the cause.

A hoarse voice can be an early sign of a voice disorder.

Other voice disorder symptoms can include:

  • Voice tremors.
  • Weakened or strained voice.
  • Changes in voice pitch.
  • Trouble speaking with a louder voice.
  • Breathy or raspy voice.

When to see a doctor

If you have a hoarse voice or other voice issues for 2 to 4 four weeks, and you don’t have a cold or respiratory infection, talk with your healthcare professional and get an exam.

病因

声匣(喉)由光滑的覆盖层、肌肉和柔软湿润的部位组成。声匣位于气管顶部舌根处。声带通过振动产生声音。

空气通过声匣会导致声带振动,使声带收拢。此外,声带也在吞咽时帮助收紧声匣,防止吸入食物或液体。

如果声带肿胀、发炎、出现生长物或无法正常活动,就不能正常工作。以上任一情况都可能导致语音障碍。

一些常见的语音障碍有:

  • 喉炎
  • 与大脑和神经系统有关的嗓音改变(痉挛性构音障碍)
  • 声带息肉、结节或囊肿(非癌性生长物)
  • 癌前和癌性生长物
  • 声带麻痹或无力
  • 白色斑块(黏膜白斑

风险因素

有很多因素可能会导致语音障碍,例如:

March 10, 2026
  1. Bruch JM, et al. Hoarseness in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 14, 2025.
  2. Hoarseness. National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hoarseness. Accessed Feb. 14, 2025.
  3. Learn more about your voice. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/learn-more-about-your-voice/. Accessed Feb. 13, 2025.
  4. Hoarseness. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/hoarseness/. Accessed Feb. 12, 2025.
  5. Kellerman RD, et al. Hoarseness and laryngitis. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2025. Elsevier; 2025. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 12, 2025.
  6. Spasmodic dysphonia. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/spasmodic-dysphonia/. Accessed Feb. 14, 2025.
  7. Vocal fold paralysis. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/vocal-fold-paralysis/. Accessed Feb. 14, 2025.
  8. Cummings Flint PW, et al., eds. Neurologic evaluation of the larynx and pharynx. In: Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 14, 2025.
  9. Nimmagadda R. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic. Jan. 17, 2025.
  10. AskMayoExpert. Dysphonia. Mayo Clinic; 2024.

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