概述
三尖瓣疾病是一种心脏瓣膜病（瓣膜性心脏病）。两个右心腔（右心室和右心房）之间的瓣膜不能正常工作。因此，心脏必须更努力地工作，将血液输送至肺部和身体其他部位。
三尖瓣疾病常伴有其他心脏瓣膜问题。
三尖瓣疾病的症状和治疗方法因具体瓣膜状况而异。治疗方法可能包括监测、用药、瓣膜修复或瓣膜置换术。
类型
存在几种类型的三尖瓣疾病，包括：
- 三尖瓣反流。三尖瓣未正确闭合。这会导致血液回流进入右上腔室（右心房）。
- 三尖瓣狭窄。瓣膜变窄或堵塞，导致血液更难从右上心腔（右心房）流向右下心腔（右心室）。
- 三尖瓣闭锁。如果出生时就存在这种病症（先天性心脏缺陷），患者将不会形成三尖瓣。右心腔之间的血流将被一个实心片状组织阻塞。
- 三尖瓣下移畸形。这是一种出生时即存在的罕见心脏问题（先天性心脏缺陷）。三尖瓣处于错误的位置，瓣膜形状畸形。血液可能通过瓣膜渗回（三尖瓣反流）。
症状
Symptoms of tricuspid valve disease depend on the specific valve condition and how severe it is.
Tricuspid stenosis symptoms are often mild. Symptoms may include:
- A fast, pounding heartbeat.
- Fluttering feeling in the neck.
- Fatigue.
People with tricuspid regurgitation may not have symptoms. But the condition may cause vague symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and swelling in the legs or belly. Sometimes there is a pulsing feeling in the neck veins.
Tricuspid atresia and Ebstein anomaly symptoms often are seen at birth. They may include:
- Blue or gray skin and lips. Depending on skin color, these changes may be easier or harder to see.
- Difficulty breathing.
- Slow growth and poor weight gain.
- Tiring easily, especially during feedings.
Some types of tricuspid valve disease may cause symptoms of right-sided heart failure. Right-sided heart failure symptoms include:
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Shortness of breath.
- Swelling in the legs, ankles and feet.
- Swelling of the belly area, a condition called ascites.
- Sudden weight gain from a buildup of fluid.
When to see a doctor
If you have changes in your heartbeat or unexplained weakness or fatigue, make an appointment for a health checkup. You may be sent to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist.
病因
Causes of tricuspid valve disease depend on the specific condition.
To understand the causes of heart valve disease, it may be helpful to know how the heart works.
Four valves in the heart keep blood flowing in the right direction. These valves are:
- Aortic valve.
- Mitral valve.
- Pulmonary valve.
- Tricuspid valve.
Each valve has flaps, called leaflets or cusps. The flaps open and close once during each heartbeat. If a valve flap doesn't open or close properly, less blood moves out of the heart to the rest of the body.
Some people are born with tricuspid valve disease. In others, it happens later in life. Some causes of tricuspid valve disease later in life are:
- Infection of the lining of the heart and heart valves, called infective endocarditis.
- A complication of strep throat that's not treated, called rheumatic fever.
- A connective tissue disorder called Marfan syndrome.
- Carcinoid syndrome, caused by a rare tumor that releases certain chemicals.
- Heart tumors or cancer that has spread to the right side of the heart.
- Lupus and other autoimmune diseases.
- Scarring from chest radiation or pacemaker placement.
- An irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation (AFib).
- High pressures in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension.
风险因素
Risk factors for tricuspid valve disease depend on the specific condition.
Anything that causes swelling or irritation of the right side of the heart or changes in the structure of the valve can increase the risk of tricuspid valve disease.