三尖瓣反流

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概述

三尖瓣反流是是一种心脏瓣膜病，指两个右心腔（右心室和右心房）之间的瓣膜不能正确闭合。这会导致血液回流进入右上腔室（右心房）。

有人可能生来就患有三尖瓣反流（先天性心脏病）。有时，三尖瓣反流是由其他健康问题引起的瓣膜问题所致。

轻度三尖瓣反流不会引起症状，或无需治疗。如果病情严重并引起体征和症状，可能需要药物或手术治疗。

渗漏的三尖瓣

三尖瓣负责让从身体各处汇至心脏的血液流向右心室，然后右心室将血液泵送到肺部以吸收氧气。如果三尖瓣存在渗漏，血液可能会回流，导致心脏需要更用力地泵送血液。随着时间的推移，这会导致心脏变大和功能异常。

儿童瓣膜疾病和三尖瓣下移畸形

症状

在病情严重之前，三尖瓣反流往往不会引起体征或症状。可能会在因其他原因进行检查时发现该病。

三尖瓣反流的体征和症状可能包括：

  • 疲劳
  • 心律不齐（心律失常）
  • 颈部跳动
  • 活动性气短
  • 腹部、腿部或颈部静脉肿胀

何时就诊

如果您在活动后容易感到疲劳或气短，请与医务人员约诊。医务人员可能会将您转诊给在心脏病方面训练有素的医生（心脏科医生）。

申请预约

病因

要了解导致三尖瓣反流的原因，了解心脏和心脏瓣膜通常的工作方式可能会有帮助。

正常心脏有四个腔室。两个上心腔（心房）接收血液。两个下心腔（心室）泵送血液。四片瓣膜通过开合确保血液的流动方向正确。这四片心脏瓣膜分别是：

  • 主动脉瓣
  • 二尖瓣
  • 三尖瓣
  • 肺动脉瓣

风险因素

一些因素会增加三尖瓣反流的风险，包括：

  • 先天性心脏缺陷，例如三尖瓣下移畸形
  • 心脏病发作
  • 心力衰竭
  • 血压高（高血压）
  • 肺部高血压（肺动脉高压）
  • 影响心脏的感染，例如风湿热和感染性心内膜炎
  • 曾经接受过胸部放射
  • 曾使用某些用于治疗帕金森病和偏头痛的兴奋剂和药物
  • 心肌衰弱（心肌病）

并发症

三尖瓣反流的潜在并发症可能包括：

  • 房颤（A-fib）。部分患有严重三尖瓣反流的患者也可能出现 A-fib，这是一种常见的心律失常。
  • 心力衰竭。严重的三尖瓣反流可能导致右下腔（心室）压力升高。右心室会随着时间而增大、功能减弱，最终导致心力衰竭。

来自妙佑医疗国际员工

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

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诊断与治疗
March 12, 2024
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