概述
肺动脉瓣疾病会累及右下心腔以及将血液输送到肺部的动脉（肺动脉）之间的瓣膜（肺动脉瓣）。
发生病变的肺动脉瓣无法正常工作。肺动脉瓣疾病会改变血液从心脏流向肺部的方式。
通常情况下，肺动脉瓣像一扇从右下心腔到肺部的单向门，血液通过肺动脉瓣从腔室流出，进入肺动脉，再进入肺部，然后血液将在肺部吸收的氧气输送到全身各处。
肺动脉瓣疾病的类型包括：
- 肺动脉瓣狭窄。肺动脉瓣狭窄会减少从心脏到肺动脉和肺部的血流。
- 肺动脉瓣反流。肺动脉瓣的瓣膜（小叶）关闭不严，导致血液回流到右下心腔（右心室）。
- 肺动脉闭锁。这是一种先天性病症，即是一种先天性的心脏缺陷。肺动脉瓣未形成。相反，一块实心组织块阻断了心脏右侧的血液流动，导致血液无法进入肺部吸收氧气。
许多类型的肺动脉瓣疾病均由出生时即患有的心脏病引起。治疗方法取决于肺动脉瓣疾病的类型和严重程度。
症状
Symptoms of pulmonary valve disease depend on the specific valve condition and how much blood flow is changed or blocked. Some babies are born with pulmonary valve disease. Symptoms may be noticed soon after birth. But sometimes symptoms aren't seen until later in life.
In general, pulmonary valve disease symptoms may include:
- Chest pain.
- Shortness of breath at rest or when active or lying down.
- Fatigue.
- Fainting.
Babies born with pulmonary valve disease may have blue or gray skin due to low oxygen levels. Depending on skin color, these changes may be harder or easier to see.
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment for a health checkup if you or your child has:
- Shortness of breath.
- Chest pain.
- Fainting.
Call 911 or your local emergency number if chest pain is sudden or can't be explained.
Quick diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary valve disease can help reduce the risk of complications.
病因
Usually, pulmonary valve disease is caused by a heart condition that develops before birth, called a congenital heart defect. But pulmonary valve disease may happen later in life as a complication of another illness.
To understand how pulmonary valve disease happens, it might help to know how the valve works.
The pulmonary valve is like a one-way door from the lower right heart chamber, called the right ventricle, to the lungs. Blood usually flows from that chamber through the pulmonary valve and into the lungs. Blood gets oxygen in the lungs to take to the body.
When the pulmonary valve doesn't work as it should, the heart must work harder to pump blood to the lungs. The extra work can cause the right ventricle to become thick.
风险因素
Things that can raise the risk of pulmonary valve disease are:
- A heart condition that you're born with, also called a congenital heart defect. Some congenital heart defects affect the shape of the pulmonary valve and how it works.
- Carcinoid syndrome. This condition happens when a rare cancerous tumor sends chemicals into the bloodstream. It can cause carcinoid heart disease, which commonly damages the pulmonary and tricuspid valves.
- Chest injury. An injury to the chest, such as from a car accident, may cause damage that leads to pulmonary valve regurgitation.
- German measles, also called rubella. Having German measles during pregnancy increases the risk of pulmonary valve stenosis in the baby.
- Infection of the lining of the heart and heart valves, also called endocarditis. This condition can damage the pulmonary valve. IV drug misuse makes a person more likely to get endocarditis.
- Noonan syndrome. This condition is caused by changes in genes. Pulmonary valve stenosis is a common heart complication seen in people with Noonan syndrome.
Feb. 25, 2025