诊断

任何单独一项检测都无法证明您患有持续性脑震荡后症候群。

医务人员可能安排您进行脑部扫描,以检查可能引起您症状的其他潜在问题。可能进行计算机断层成像(CT)或磁共振成像(MRI)以检测结构性脑异常。

如果您头晕,您可能会被转诊给耳鼻喉科专家。

如果您的症状包括焦虑或抑郁,或者您的记忆力或解决问题能力出现问题,可能需要将您转诊给心理学家或持证咨询师。

更多信息

治疗

持续性脑震荡后症候群目前还没有专门的治疗方法。医务人员将对症治疗。症状类型和发生频率因人而异。

头痛

通常用于偏头痛或紧张型头痛的药物似乎对脑震荡后头痛有效,包括一些治疗抑郁症、高血压和癫痫发作的药物。药物通常因人而异,因此您和医务人员将讨论哪种药物最适合您。

请记住,过度使用止痛药可能会导致持续的脑震荡后头痛。在您使用处方类止痛药或非处方类止痛药时,可能会发生这种情况。

记忆与思考问题

对于发生轻度创伤性脑损伤后出现的记忆和思维问题,目前没有推荐治疗药物。时间可能是最佳疗法。大多数此类症状都会在损伤后数周到数月内自行消失。

某些形式的认知疗法可能会有所帮助,包括提供您需要加强领域的针对性康复治疗。有些人可能需要作业或言语治疗。压力可能加重认知症状,因此学习如何缓解压力可能有所帮助。放松疗法也可能有所帮助。

抑郁和焦虑

在人们了解引起症状的原因并且症状会随着时间推移而改善后,症状通常会改善。教育可以减轻恐惧,带来内心的平静。

如果您在脑震荡后出现了新的或更严重的抑郁症或焦虑症,可以尝试如下治疗方案:

  • 心理疗法。与具备脑损伤患者治疗经验的心理医生或精神科医生讨论自己的担忧可能会有帮助。
  • 药物。医生可以可能会开一些抗抑郁药或抗焦虑药,以帮助控制焦虑症或抑郁症。

Sleep symptoms

Trouble sleeping and other sleep symptoms are common after a concussion. Learning about good sleep habits, known as sleep hygiene, can help. This includes going to bed and waking up on a regular schedule. Sometimes medicines may be needed to improve sleep.

Vision

Vision changes also are common after concussion. These include blurry vision and sometimes double vision. Often vision changes get better on their own. Some people with persistent post-concussive symptoms may need to see a specialist who treats visual symptoms related to traumatic brain injuries, known as a neuro-optometrist.

Sensitivity to light and sound

For some people with persistent post-concussive symptoms, light and sound are bothersome. These symptoms tend to get better with time. But exposure therapy with a physical or occupational therapist may help these symptoms.

Irritability, depression and anxiety

Symptoms often improve once you understand the cause of your symptoms and that symptoms are likely to get better with time. Learning about persistent post-concussive symptoms can help ease fears and offer some peace of mind. If you have new or increasing depression or anxiety after a concussion, some treatment options may include:

  • Psychotherapy. Talking with a psychologist, psychiatrist or social worker who works with people who have had a brain injury may help.
  • Medicine. Medicines can treat depression and anxiety.
  • Physical activity. Early, gradual exercise that avoids reinjury may help you feel better.

准备您的预约

初级保健医生通常会对脑震荡做出初步诊断,或者由急诊室医务人员做出诊断。

您可能被转诊给治疗大脑和神经系统疾病的专科医生(又称神经科医生)或脑部康复专科医生(又称物理治疗医生)。

如果您被转诊给专科医生,最好提前做好就诊准备。以下信息可帮助您做好就诊准备,并了解医务人员可能会做些什么。

您可以做什么

  • 写下您目前出现的症状,包括看似与您的约诊原因无关的任何症状。
  • 写下关键的个人信息,包括任何重大压力或近期生活变化。
  • 列出您正在服用的所有药物、维生素或补充剂
  • 尽可能请家人或朋友陪同。有时,您可能难以记住就诊时医务人员告知的所有信息。陪同者可能会记住您遗漏或忘记的信息。
  • 写下要向医务人员咨询的问题

提前列出问题有助于充分利用就诊时间。请按照从最重要至最不重要的顺序列出问题,以免时间不够。

关于持续性脑震荡后症候群,要向医务人员咨询的一些基本问题包括:

  • 为什么我仍有这些症状?
  • 这些症状将持续多久?
  • 我需要做其他检查吗?我是否需要提前为这些检查做准备?
  • 是否有可行的治疗方法?您推荐哪种?
  • 我需要遵守哪些活动限制规定?
  • 是否有我可以带回家的手册或其他印刷资料?您推荐访问哪些网站?
  • 我什么时候可以回去上班?
  • 我什么时候可以再次开车?
  • 我喝酒安全吗?
  • 我可以服用受伤前开的处方药吗?

除了这些问题,就诊期间还可以随时提出其他问题。

医生可能做些什么

医务人员可能询问一些问题。准备好回答这些问题可以留出更多时间,来解决您希望了解的其他问题。医务人员可能询问:

  • 最开始是怎么受伤的?
  • 您的症状是持续存在还是时有时无?
  • 您现在有什么症状?
  • 症状多久出现一次?
  • 有没有什么情况似乎会令您的症状好转?
  • 有没有什么情况会加重您的症状?
  • 您的症状有所恶化、没有变化还是有所改善?
Oct. 30, 2024
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持续性脑震荡后症候群(脑震荡后综合征)