脊髓灰质炎

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诊断

医务人员通常可通过症状识别脊髓灰质炎，例如颈部和背部僵硬、反射异常以及肌肉无力。为了确诊，可对粪便样本进行实验室检测，看是否存在脊髓灰质炎病毒。只有在疾病发生的第一周内，才能通过咽喉拭子发现病毒。由于有时间限制，以咽喉拭子作为检测来源不如第一种方法可靠。

为排除其他神经系统疾病，还可能进行脑脊液检测，这是脑部和脊髓周围的一种液体。

治疗

由于目前尚无治愈脊髓灰质炎的方法，因此治疗该疾病的重点是要提高舒适性、加快康复速度并预防并发症。根据疾病的严重程度，支持性治疗可能包括：

  • 卧床休息
  • 止痛药
  • 控制肌肉疼痛和痉挛的热湿敷包
  • 用便携式呼吸机辅助呼吸
  • 物理疗法锻炼，以防止骨骼畸形和肌肉功能丧失
  • 夹板或其他器械，以促进脊柱和四肢的妥善定位或排列
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准备您的预约

除常见的流感样症状外，如出现中度或重度脊髓灰质炎的体征和症状，需立即就医。您可以先准备好自己或代表孩子回答的问题，包括：

  • 症状是什么时候开始出现的？
  • 您第一次患病后症状是否进展或变化？
  • 是否有任何因素改善或加重了您的症状？
  • 您最近旅行过吗？在哪里？
  • 是否有可能接触到了传染病？
  • 如果您旅行过，旅行前接种了什么疫苗？

History of infectious disease outbreaks and vaccines timeline.

Learn about the history of major disease outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics, as well as the impact vaccines and research had on many infectious diseases.

Find out more at History of infectious disease outbreaks and vaccines timeline.

其他资源

来自妙佑医疗国际员工
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症状与病因
June 20, 2024
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  1. Bennett JE, et al. Poliovirus. In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2022.
  2. Simionescu L, et al. Poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  3. Travel-related infectious diseases: Poliomyelitis. CDC Yellow Book 2020: Health Information for International Travel. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/travel-related-infectious-diseases/poliomyelitis. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  4. Rachlin A, et al. Progress toward polio eradication — Worldwide, January 2020-April 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7119a2.
  5. Polio in Africa. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/polio-africa. Accessed Aug. 30, 2022.
  6. Polio in Asia and Eastern Europe. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/polio-asia. Accessed Aug. 30, 2022.
  7. Polio vaccination recommendations for specific groups. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/recommendations.html. Aug. 29, 2022.
  8. Marcdante KJ, et al., eds. Polioviruses. In: Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 31, 2022.
  9. Alleman MM, et al. Update on vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks — Worldwide, January 2020-June 2021. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7049a1.
  10. Vaccine-derived poliovirus. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/vaccine-derived-poliovirus-faq.html. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  11. Public health response to a case of paralytic poliomyelitis in an unvaccinated person and detection of poliovirus in wastewater — New York, June–August 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022; doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7133e2.
  12. Polio vaccination: What everyone should know. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/public/index.html. Accessed Aug. 29, 2022.
  13. Anaphylaxis. American Academy of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis. Accessed Sept. 1, 2022.

脊髓灰质炎

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