胚胎性肿瘤

概述

胚胎性肿瘤是指脑部细胞生长失控的情况。出现这种异常生长的是胚胎细胞，即胎儿发育过程中遗留的细胞。

胚胎性肿瘤属于脑癌的一种，而脑癌又称为恶性脑肿瘤。这意味着导致形成肿瘤的细胞在异常生长后会侵入大脑并对健康的脑组织造成损害。这些细胞还可以经由大脑和脊髓周围的脑脊液进行扩散。

胚胎性肿瘤最常见于婴幼儿。但它们可发生于任何年龄。

胚胎性肿瘤有几种类型。最常见的一种是髓母细胞瘤。这种胚胎性肿瘤始发于位于大脑后下方的小脑。

胚胎性肿瘤的症状因肿瘤的类型、位置、大小和脑内是否有压力积聚等因素而异。症状可能包括：

• 头痛。
• 恶心。
• 呕吐。
• 异常疲倦。
• 头晕。
• 复视。
• 步态不稳。
• 癫痫发作。
• 其他问题。

如果孩子被诊断出患有胚胎性肿瘤，就医时最好选择在儿童脑肿瘤治疗方面经验丰富的医疗中心。具有专业儿童脑肿瘤治疗经验的医疗中心能提供最先进的治疗方法和技术，确保诊断无误且治疗恰当。

症状

Symptoms of an embryonal tumor may include:

• Headaches.
• Nausea.
• Vomiting.
• Feeling more tired than usual.
• Double vision.
• Difficulty with balance.
• Seizures.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

病因

The cause of an embryonal tumor often isn't known. This cancer causes a growth of cells in the brain. The growth involves cells that are left over from fetal development, called embryonal cells.

Embryonal tumors start when embryonal cells develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.

The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow and press on parts of the brain. The cancer cells also can travel in the fluid that supports the brain and spine. This can spread the cancer to other parts of the brain and spinal cord. When cancer spreads, it's called metastatic cancer.

风险因素

Risk factors for embryonal tumors include:

• Young age. This cancer can happen at any age. But it happens most often in children.
• Hereditary syndromes. Some conditions that run in families can raise the risk of embryonal tumor. Examples include Fanconi anemia, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and Turcot syndrome.

Living with 胚胎性肿瘤?

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