COVID-19 疫情期间返校的安全提示

随着 COVID-19 疫情的持续蔓延，家人和照料者可能会担心孩子在学校感染 COVID-19 病毒。

不幸的是，COVID-19 疫情确实会在学校暴发。但全球研究表明，至少在变异株出现早期，学校采取诸多预防策略后，COVID-19 病毒在校内的传播率可能低于或与社区传播相似。

对学龄儿童有哪些预防措施？考虑学校和家庭保护学生健康的策略。

鼓励接种 COVID-19 疫苗

在美国，满 6 个月的儿童可接种 COVID-19 疫苗。COVID-19 疫苗和加强针可防止您的孩子感染 COVID-19 病毒或因 COVID-19 患重病或住院。接种 COVID-19 疫苗还可以让您的孩子继续上学，更安全地参加体育运动和其他团体活动。

佩戴口罩

学校的口罩佩戴政策各不相同。然而，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）建议，如果您所在地区有许多 COVID-19 新增病例及住院病例，无论您是否接种了疫苗，均应在室内公共场所佩戴口罩。在室内，戴上您会经常戴的最具防护力、贴合性良好且舒适的口罩，可有助于限制 COVID-19 病毒的传播。CDC 建议，曾经接触或认为自己曾经接触过 COVID-19 患者的学生和工作人员在最后一次接触后的 10 天内在和他人接触时需佩戴口罩。

如果您的孩子在学校戴口罩，请考虑以下提示：

让您的孩子戴上贴合度良好、舒适的最具防护力的口罩。
每天为孩子准备一个干净的口罩和一个备用口罩。考虑给孩子准备一个干净的封口袋，午餐时把口罩放在里面。
给孩子的口罩做上标记，以免与其他孩子的口罩弄混。告诉您的孩子，永远不要戴其他孩子用过的口罩。

适当的通风

改善学校的通风状况可以减少空气中的 COVID-19 病毒微粒。打开多扇门窗，使用风扇，或者改变供暖、通风、空调或空气过滤系统都会有所帮助。在往返学校的交通过程中，保持窗户打开几公分也可以促进空气流通。

洗手

学校和家长应鼓励学生经常用肥皂和清水洗手，每次洗手至少持续 20 秒，或使用至少含 60% 酒精的洗手液。儿童咳嗽或打喷嚏时应用手肘或纸巾捂住口鼻。儿童也应该避免触碰自己的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。为确保充分洗手，可以教孩子在唱两遍完整的“生日快乐”歌（大约 20 秒）期间把手洗干净。

生病时待在家里并接受检测

有传染病症状的学生应该待在家里，不去学校，并接受 COVID-19 检测。儿童感染 COVID-19 后可能出现的症状：

发热
痰咳
胸部疼痛
新发味觉或嗅觉丧失
皮肤变化，如手脚上出现变色区域
咽喉疼痛
恶心、呕吐、腹痛或腹泻
寒战
肌肉酸痛
极度疲劳
新发剧烈头痛
新发鼻塞

COVID-19 患者应该居家隔离至少 5 天。不同学校关于患有 COVID-19 的儿童何时返校的政策可能有所不同。

如果您正从 COVID-19 康复，CDC 建议佩戴您经常佩戴、贴合度良好、舒适且最具防护性的口罩。请在周围有其他人时佩戴口罩，直到第 10 天结束为止。对于年龄太小而无法戴口罩的儿童，应由戴口罩的照料者在单独的空间进行护理。

March 10, 2023

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COVID-19 疫情期间返校的安全提示