Publicaciones Imprimir Hoffmann CM, Mattie R, Sheth SJ, D'Souza RS. Minimally invasive treatments for chronic low back pain. JAAPA. 2024 Dec 1; 37 (12):18-23 Epub 2024 Dec 21 View PubMed Milam AJ, Fah MK, Houston BT, Youssef MR, Buckner-Petty SA, Sell-Dottin K, D'Souza RS, Warner DO, Smith BB. Methadone Dosing and Postoperative Pain Management in Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Anesthesiology. 2024 Dec 1; 141 (6):1205-1207 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Nahin RL. Nationally Representative Rates of Incident Prescription Opioid Use Among United States Adults and Selected Subpopulations: Longitudinal Cohort Study From the National Health Interview Survey, 2019 to 2020. J Pain. 2024 Nov; 25 (11):104665 Epub 2024 Sept 12 View PubMed Ufondu W, Robinson CL, Hussain N, D'Souza RS, Karri J, Emerick T, Orhurhu VJ. Intradiscal Autologous Biologics for the Treatment of Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024 Nov; 28 (11):1079-1095 Epub 2024 July 17 View PubMed Nwankwo A, Koyyalagunta D, Huh B, D'Souza RS, Javed S. A comprehensive review of the typical and atypical side effects of gabapentin. Pain Pract. 2024 Nov; 24 (8):1051-1058 Epub 2024 July 01 View PubMed Strand NH, D'Souza RS, Gomez DA, Whitney MA, Attanti S, Anderson MA, Moeschler SM, Chadwick AL, Maloney JA. Pain during menopause. Maturitas. 2024 Oct 31; 191:108135 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Malik A, D'Souza RS, Karri J, Javed S. Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treatment of Sympathetically Mediated Orofacial Pain: Case Series and Narrative Review. Neuromodulation. 2024 Oct 16 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Karri J, Sivanesan E, Gulati A, Singh V, Sheen S, Yalamuru B, Wang EJ, Javed S, Chung M, Sohini R, Hussain N, D'Souza RS. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Pain Management: A Survey of Clinical Practice Patterns. Neuromodulation. 2024 Oct 11 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed D'Souza RS, Klasova J, Hussain N. Behind the curtain: conflicts of interest in spinal cord stimulation trials-an infographic. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Oct 8 Epub 2024 Oct 08 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Klasova J, Kleppel DJ, Prokop L, Hussain N. Hidden influence? Unmasking conflicts of interest from randomized clinical trials on spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Oct 7 Epub 2024 Oct 07 View PubMed D'Souza RS. Patient's plight to self-advocacy: the battle is won, the war goes on. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Sep 3 Epub 2024 Sept 03 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, D'Souza RS, Yadav A, George TK, DeTemple N, Ovrom E, Lam CM, Sayed D, Hall M, Stephenson L, Rivera Z, Hoelzer B, Deer TR. Relationship between number of prior lumbar spine surgeries and outcomes following spinal cord stimulator implantation: A multisite, retrospective pooled analysis. Pain Pract. 2024 Sep; 24 (7):882-890 Epub 2024 Apr 12 View PubMed Gill JS, Stippler M, Ruan Q, Hussain N, White AP, Oruhurhu V, Malik O, Simopoulos T, Urits I, D'Souza RS, Narang S, Hirsch JA. Validation of thoracolumbar injury classification and Severity Score in the management of acute and subacute Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures - A pilot study and a suggested modification. Interv Pain Med. 2024 Sep; 3 (3):100438 Epub 2024 Sept 10 View PubMed Hoffmann C, D'Souza RS. A pragmatic approach to teaching physician assistant students basic pain management. Biomol Biomed. 2024 Aug 31 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed D'Souza RS, Kelley GA. Narrative or systematic? A decision-making guide on selecting type of review: an infographic. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Aug 30 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Hoffmann C, Wang J, Ali RP, D'Souza RS. Neuromodulation guide for the non-neuromodulator clinician: What it is and how it can benefit patients? Biomol Biomed. 2024 Aug 11 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Hussain N, Karri J, Dimitrov T, D'Souza RS, Zhou S, Abdel-Rasoul M, Abd-Elsayed A, Gill J, Simopoulos T, Weaver TE. Incidence and Predictors of Inadvertent Dural Puncture After Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Retrospective Database Analysis. Neuromodulation. 2024 Aug; 27 (6):1068-1075 Epub 2022 Aug 14 View PubMed Vu PD, McDonough KE, Dougherty PM, D'Souza RS, Javed S. Psychophysical and Functional Outcomes in Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy After Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Narrative Review and Case Series. Neuromodulation. 2024 Jul 30 Epub 2024 July 30 View PubMed West T, Hussain N, Bhatia A, ElSaban M, Kilgore AE, Palettas M, Abdel-Rasoul M, Javed S, D'Souza RS. Pain intensity and opioid consumption after temporary and permanent peripheral nerve stimulation: a 2-year multicenter analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Jul 26 Epub 2024 July 26 View PubMed Hoffmann CM, Butler CS, Pingree MJ, Moeschler SM, Mauck WD, D'Souza RS. Is Response to a Pre-implant Diagnostic Peripheral Nerve Block Associated With Efficacy After Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Implantation? A Ten-Year Enterprise-Wide Analysis. Neuromodulation. 2024 Jul; 27 (5):873-880 Epub 2023 Nov 10 View PubMed Karri J, D'Souza RS, Wang EJ. Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Chronic Kidney Disease Population: Are They Rational or Reckless? Anesth Analg. 2024 Jul 1; 139 (1):235-237 Epub 2024 Feb 21 View PubMed Hussain N, Brull R, Gilron I, Weaver TE, Shahzad H, D'Souza RS, Abdel-Rasoul M, Clarke H, McCartney CJL, Abdallah FW. Association of peri-operative prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with continued prescription of opioids after total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective claims-based cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2024 Jul; 79 (7):725-734 Epub 2024 Feb 22 View PubMed Klasova J, Hussain N, Umer I, Al-Hindawi A, ElSaban M, Lahori S, D'Souza RS. Emotional and psychosocial function after dorsal column spinal cord stimulator implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Jun 27 Epub 2024 June 27 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Schwenk ES, Graham LA. Charting the course: natural language processing unveils regional anesthesia procedures in clinical records - an infographic. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Jun 25 Epub 2024 June 25 View PubMed Kelley GA, D'Souza RS. Narrative reviews in anesthesia and pain medicine: guidelines for producers, reviewers and consumers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Jun 20 Epub 2024 June 20 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Barrington MJ, Sen A, Mascha EJ, Kelley GA. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in regional anesthesia and pain medicine (Part II): guidelines for performing the systematic review. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Jun 3; 49 (6):403-422 Epub 2024 June 03 View PubMed Barrington MJ, D'Souza RS, Mascha EJ, Narouze S, Kelley GA. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in regional anesthesia and pain medicine (Part I): guidelines for preparing the review protocol. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Jun 3; 49 (6):391-402 Epub 2024 June 03 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Zheng P, Christolias G, Holder EK, Lee H, Miller DC, Raghunandan A, Smith CC, Patel J, International Pain and Spine Intervention Society's Patient Safety Committee. FACTFINDERS for PATIENT SAFETY: Preventing procedure-related complications: Epidural lipomatosis and postpartum steroid exposure. Interv Pain Med. 2024 Jun; 3 (2):100408 Epub 2024 Apr 06 View PubMed Tieppo Francio V, Glicksman M, Leavitt L, Gill B, Shah A, Westerhaus BD, Lam CM, D'Souza RS. Multifidus atrophy and/or dysfunction following lumbar radiofrequency ablation: A systematic review. PM R. 2024 May 16 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Crimmel S, Hu L, D'Souza RS, Wang EJ. Treatment Disparities in Hispanic Patients with Chronic Pain: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024 Apr; 28 (4):271-278 Epub 2024 Feb 15 View PubMed Hussain N, D'Souza RS. Finding diamonds in the rough: evaluating the quality of meta-analyses in chronic pain - an infographic. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Mar 19 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Shahzad H, Hussain N, D'Souza RS, Bhatti N, Orhurhu V, Abdel-Rasoul M, Simopoulos T, Essandoh MK, Khan SN, Weaver T. Incidence of subsequent surgical decompression following minimally invasive approaches to treat lumbar spinal stenosis: A retrospective review. Pain Pract. 2024 Mar; 24 (3):431-439 Epub 2023 Nov 13 View PubMed Hussain N, Brull R, Weber L, Garrett A, Werner M, D'Souza RS, Sawyer T, Weaver TE, Iyer M, Essandoh MK, Abdallah FW. The analgesic effectiveness of perioperative lidocaine infusions for acute and chronic persistent postsurgical pain in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2024 Mar; 132 (3):575-587 Epub 2024 Jan 09 View PubMed Kleppel DJ, Copeland R, Hussain N, Karri J, Wang E, D'Souza RS. Methodological and statistical characteristics of meta-analyses on spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: a systematic review. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024 Feb 21 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed Barrington MJ, D'Souza RS, Mascha EJ, Narouze S, Kelley GA. Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (Part I): Guidelines for Preparing the Review Protocol. Anesth Analg. 2024 Feb 1; 138 (2):379-394 Epub 2024 Jan 12 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Barrington MJ, Sen A, Mascha EJ, Kelley GA. Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (Part II): Guidelines for Performing the Systematic Review. Anesth Analg. 2024 Feb 1; 138 (2):395-419 Epub 2024 Jan 12 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Dunn L. In Response. Anesth Analg. 2024 Jan 1; 138 (1):e4-e5 Epub 2023 Dec 15 View PubMed Sayed D, Deer TR, Hagedorn JM, Sayed A, D'Souza RS, Lam CM, Khatri N, Hussaini Z, Pritzlaff SG, Abdullah NM, Tieppo Francio V, Falowski SM, Ibrahim YM, Malinowski MN, Budwany RR, Strand NH, Sochacki KM, Shah A, Dunn TM, Nasseri M, Lee DW, Kapural L, Bedder MD, Petersen EA, Amirdelfan K, Schatman ME, Grider JS. A Systematic Guideline by the ASPN Workgroup on the Evidence, Education, and Treatment Algorithm for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: SWEET. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:1461-1501 Epub 2024 Apr 13 View PubMed Robinson CL, D'Souza RS, Yazdi C, Diejomaoh EM, Schatman ME, Emerick T, Orhurhu V. Reviewing the Potential Role of Artificial Intelligence in Delivering Personalized and Interactive Pain Medicine Education for Chronic Pain Patients. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:923-929 Epub 2024 Mar 06 View PubMed Robinson CL, Fonseca ACG, Diejomaoh EM, D'Souza RS, Schatman ME, Orhurhu V, Emerick T. Scoping Review: The Role of Psychedelics in the Management of Chronic Pain. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:965-973 Epub 2024 Mar 11 View PubMed Greer M, Kamma S, Tran H, Etumuse B, Shah JD, El-Abed Y, Onyemachi JO, Hussain N, Pittelkow TP, D'Souza RS. Misinformation Persists in Complementary Health: Evaluating the Reliability and Quality of YouTube-Based Information on the Use of Acupuncture for Chronic Pain. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:1509-1518 Epub 2024 Apr 16 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, George TK, Aiyer R, Schmidt K, Halamka J, D'Souza RS. Artificial Intelligence and Pain Medicine: An Introduction. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:509-518 Epub 2024 Feb 02 View PubMed Sayed D, Deer TR, Tieppo Francio V, Lam CM, Sochacki K, Hussain N, Weaver TE, Karri J, Orhurhu V, Strand NH, Weisbein JS, Hagedorn JM, D'Souza RS, Budwany RR, Chitneni A, Amirdelfan K, Dorsi MJ, Nguyen DTD, Bovinet C, Abd-Elsayed A. American Society of Pain and Neuroscience Best Practice (ASPN) Guideline for the Treatment of Sacroiliac Disorders [Response to Letter]. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:2509-2510 Epub 2024 July 29 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Her YF, Hussain N, Karri J, Schatman ME, Calodney AK, Lam C, Buchheit T, Boettcher BJ, Chang Chien GC, Pritzlaff SG, Centeno C, Shapiro SA, Klasova J, Grider JS, Hubbard R, Ege E, Johnson S, Epstein MH, Kubrova E, Ramadan ME, Moreira AM, Vardhan S, Eshraghi Y, Javed S, Abdullah NM, Christo PJ, Diwan S, Hassett LC, Sayed D, Deer TR. Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines on Regenerative Medicine Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Consensus Report from a Multispecialty Working Group. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:2951-3001 Epub 2024 Sept 11 View PubMed Sand AE, Powell TE, Marry HT, Rathbun HR, Steege JR, LeMahieu A, Jacob AK, D'Souza RS, Olatoye OO. The Pre-Operative Evaluation Clinic: An Underutilized Service in Optimizing Analgesic Outcomes in Patients on Buprenorphine, Methadone, and Naltrexone for Substance Use Disorder or Chronic Pain. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:3267-3275 Epub 2024 Oct 05 View PubMed Sayed D, Deer TR, Tieppo Francio V, Lam CM, Sochacki K, Hussain N, Weaver TE, Karri J, Orhurhu V, Strand NH, Weisbein JS, Hagedorn JM, D'Souza RS, Budwany RR, Chitneni A, Amirdelfan K, Dorsi MJ, Nguyen DTD, Bovinet C, Abd-Elsayed A. American Society of Pain and Neuroscience Best Practice (ASPN) Guideline for the Treatment of Sacroiliac Disorders. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:1601-1638 Epub 2024 May 03 View PubMed Etumuse B, Greer M, Onyemachi J, El-Abed Y, Kamma S, Shah JD, Tran HT, Hussain N, Pittelkow TP, D'Souza RS. Medical Misinformation and Quality of Public Video Content on Cannabis for Chronic Pain Management: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the YouTube Platform. J Pain Res. 2024; 17:3577-3586 Epub 2024 Nov 06 View PubMed Jin MY, D'Souza RS, Abd-Elsayed AA. Efficacy of Neuromodulation Interventions for the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Neuromodulation. 2023 Dec; 26 (8):1518-1534 Epub 2022 Aug 16 View PubMed Ege E, Olevson C, D'Souza RS, Moeschler SM, Lamer T, Hagedorn JM. A Bibliometric Analysis of Top-Cited Journal Articles Related to Neuromodulation for Chronic Pain. Neuromodulation. 2023 Dec; 26 (8):1510-1517 Epub 2022 Oct 01 View PubMed Her F, Kubrova E, ElSaban M, Dombovy-Johnson M, Mostert K, D'Souza R. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Updates and Current Evidence Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports. 2023. D'Souza RS, ElSaban M, Martinez Alvarez GA, Jin MY, Kubrova E, Hassett LC. Treatment of pain in length-dependent peripheral neuropathy with the use of spinal cord stimulation: a systematic review. Pain Med. 2023 Oct 13; 24 (Supplement_2):S24-S32 View PubMed Finnern MT, D'Souza RS, Jin MY, Abd-Elsayed AA. Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review. Neuromodulation. 2023 Oct; 26 (7):1309-1318 Epub 2022 Dec 10 View PubMed Hussain N, Brull R, Vannabouathong C, Robinson C, Zhou S, D'Souza RS, Sawyer T, Terkawi AS, Abdallah FW. Analgesic Effectiveness of Motor-sparing Nerve Blocks for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Network Meta-analysis. Anesthesiology. 2023 Oct 1; 139 (4):444-461 View PubMed West T, Driver CN, D'Souza RS. Incidence of Neuraxial and Non-Neuraxial Hematoma Complications From Spinal Cord Stimulator Surgery: Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis. Neuromodulation. 2023 Oct; 26 (7):1328-1338 Epub 2022 Aug 17 View PubMed Smith BJ, Twohey EE, Dean KP, D'Souza RS. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Postamputation Pain: A Systematic Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2023 Sep 1; 102 (9):846-854 Epub 2023 Mar 11 View PubMed Copeland R, Reeh C, D'Souza R, Ege E, Briggi D, Vangeison C. Delayed onset of anterior spinal artery syndrome caused by retropulsed bone fragment after kyphoplasty: Case report and literature review. Interv Pain Med. 2023 Sep; 2 (3):100264 Epub 2023 June 24 View PubMed Abd-Elsayed A, Rupp A, D'Souza RS, Hussain N, Milam AJ, Strand N, Viswanath O, Falowski S, Sayed D, Deer T. Interventional Pain Physician Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023 Aug; 27 (8):259-267 Epub 2023 July 03 View PubMed West T, ElSaban M, Hussain N, Schappell J, Rogers K, Orhurhu V, Prokop LJ, D'Souza RS. Incidence of Lead Migration With Loss of Efficacy or Paresthesia Coverage After Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation: Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials. Neuromodulation. 2023 Jul; 26 (5):917-927 Epub 2023 May 17 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Esfahani K, Dunn LK. Pro-Con Debate: Role of Methadone in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols-Superior Analgesic or Harmful Drug? Anesth Analg. 2023 Jul 1; 137 (1):76-82 Epub 2023 June 16 View PubMed ElSaban M, Kleppel DJ, Kubrova E, Martinez Alvarez GA, Hussain N, D'Souza RS. Physical functioning following spinal cord stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2023 Jun; 48(6):302-311. View PubMed Langford B, D'Souza RS, Pingree M, Mauck WD. Treatment of Ulnar Neuropathic Pain with Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Two Case Reports. Pain Med. 2023 May 2; 24 (5):566-569 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Jin MY, Abd-Elsayed A. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023 May; 27 (5):117-128 Epub 2023 Apr 15 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Alvarez GAM, Dombovy-Johnson M, Eller J, Abd-Elsayed A. Evidence-Based Treatment of Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023 May; 27 (5):99-116 Epub 2023 Apr 14 View PubMed Driver CN, D'Souza RS. Efficacy of Low-Dose Naltrexone and Predictors of Treatment Success or Discontinuation in Fibromyalgia and Other Chronic Pain Conditions: A Fourteen-Year, Enterprise-Wide Retrospective Analysis. Biomedicines. 2023 Apr 3; 11 (4) Epub 2023 Apr 03 View PubMed Hussain N, Orhurhu V, D'Souza R. Spinal Cord Burst Stimulation vs Placebo Stimulation for Patients With Chronic Radicular Pain After Lumbar Spine Surgery. JAMA 2023 Mar 14; 329 (10):845-846 View PubMed Wang EJ, Limerick G, D'Souza RS, Lobner K, Williams KA, Cohen SP, Smith TJ. Safety of Scrambler Therapy: A Systematic Review of Complications and Adverse Effects. Pain Med. 2023 Mar 1; 24 (3):325-340 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Barman RA, Schappell JB, Hagedorn JM. Does Fibromyalgia Affect the Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation: An 11-Year, Multicenter, Retrospective Matched Cohort Study. Neuromodulation. 2023 Jan; 26 (1):206-214 Epub 2022 July 13 View PubMed Strand N, D'Souza RS, Karri J, Kalia H, Weisbein J, Kassa BJ, Hussain N, Chitneni A, Budwany RR, Hagedorn J, Pope JE, Deer TR, Sayed D, Abd-Elsayed A. Medical Cannabis: A Review from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience. J Pain Res. 2023; 16:4217-4228 Epub 2023 Dec 08 View PubMed Maloney JA, D'Souza RS, Buckner Petty SA, Turkiewicz MJ, Sinha D, Patel A, Strand NH. Job Satisfaction Among Pain Medicine Physicians in the US. J Pain Res. 2023; 16:1867-1876 Epub 2023 May 31 View PubMed Pagan-Rosado R, Smith BJ, Smither FC, Pingree MJ, D'Souza RS. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain: A Case Series. Case Rep Anesthesiol. 2023; 2023:1558183. Epub 2023 Mar 06. View PubMed Barman R, McHugh J, O'Mara T, Pittelkow T, D'Souza RS. Epidural Blood Patch in a Patient with a Hematological Malignancy. Case Rep Med. 2023; 2023:9955772 Epub 2023 Feb 10 View PubMed Hatcher L, Henry N, Hooten WM, D'Souza RS. Intravenous Bisphosphonate Therapy as a Rescue Analgesic in Refractory Fibrous Dysplasia. Pain Med. 2022 Dec 1; 23 (12):2085-2089 View PubMed Hao D, Yurter A, Chu R, Salisu-Orhurhu M, Onyeaka H, Hagedorn J, Patel K, D'Souza R, Moeschler S, Kaye AD, Orhurhu V. Neuromodulation for Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Comprehensive Review. Pain Ther. 2022 Dec; 11 (4):1137-1177 Epub 2022 Sept 15 View PubMed Kubrova E, Martinez Alvarez GA, Her YF, Pagan-Rosado R, Qu W, D'Souza RS. Platelet Rich Plasma and Platelet-Related Products in the Treatment of Radiculopathy-A Systematic Review of the Literature. Biomedicines. 2022 Nov 04; 10(11). View PubMed Char S, Jin MY, Francio VT, Hussain N, Wang EJ, Morsi M, Orhurhu V, Prokop LJ, Fink A, D'Souza RS. Implantable Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies. Biomedicines. 2022 Oct 17; 10 (10) View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Romero J, Ha CT, D'Souza RS. Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Cord Stimulation and Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Chronic Intractable Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuromodulation. 2022 Oct; 25 (7):947-955 Epub 2022 June 08 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Kubrova E, Her YF, Barman RA, Smith BJ, Alvarez GM, West TE, Abd-Elsayed A. Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for Lower Extremity Neuropathic Pain Syndromes: An Evidence-Based Literature Review. Adv Ther. 2022 Oct; 39(10):4440-4473. Epub 2022 Aug 22. View PubMed Orhurhu V, Hussain N, D'Souza R. Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. JAMA 2022 Aug 23; 328 (8):779 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Her YF. Stimulation holiday rescues analgesia after habituation and loss of efficacy from 10-kilohertz dorsal column spinal cord stimulation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022 Aug 19; 47 (12):722-7 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed D'Souza RS, Her YF, Jin MY, Morsi M, Abd-Elsayed A. Neuromodulation Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines. 2022 Aug 7; 10 (8) Epub 2022 Aug 07 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Barman R, Joseph A, Abd-Elsayed A. Evidence-Based Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: a Systematic Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022 Aug; 26 (8):583-594 Epub 2022 June 18 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Parmele JB, Wolff JS, Bendel MA, D'Souza RS. The Prevalence of Elevated Impedances and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ineligibility Following Implantation of 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices: A Retrospective Review. Neuromodulation. 2022 Jul; 25 (5):719-723 Epub 2021 June 10 View PubMed Dombovy-Johnson ML, D'Souza RS, Ha CT, Hagedorn JM. Incidence and Risk Factors for Spinal Cord Stimulator Lead Migration With or Without Loss of Efficacy: A Retrospective Review of 91 Consecutive Thoracic Lead Implants. Neuromodulation. 2022 Jul; 25 (5):731-737 Epub 2021 July 02 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Hunt CL. A Rare Case of Anchor Fracture Manifesting With New-Onset Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation. Neuromodulation. 2022 Jul; 25 (5):783-785 Epub 2021 Sept 06 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Engle AM, George TK, Karri J, Abdullah N, Ovrom E, Bocanegra-Becerra JE, D'Souza RS. An overview of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Diagnosis and treatment advancements. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Jun; 188:109928 Epub 2022 May 14 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Yadav A, D'Souza RS, DeTemple N, Wolff JS, Parmele JB, Deer TR. The incidence of lumbar spine surgery following Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression and Superion Indirect Decompression System for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a retrospective review. Pain Pract. 2022 Jun; 22 (5):516-521 Epub 2022 Apr 12 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Langford B, Wilson RE, Her YF, Schappell J, Eller JS, Evans TC, Hagedorn JM. The state-of-the-art pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2022 May; 23 (7):775-789 Epub 2022 Apr 04 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Langford B, Dombovy-Johnson M, Abd-Elsayed A. Neuromodulation Interventions for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: a Systematic Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022 May; 26 (5):365-377 Epub 2022 Feb 28 View PubMed Abd-Elsayed A, D'Souza RS. The Burden of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality Based on Vaccination Status and Mandated Mask Use: Statewide Data From Wisconsin and Narrative Review of the Literature. Anesth Analg. 2022 Mar 1; 134 (3):524-531 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Olatoye OO, Butler CS, Barman RA, Ashmore ZM, Hagedorn JM. Adverse Events Associated With 10-kHz Dorsal Column Spinal Cord Stimulation: A 5-Year Analysis of the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) Database. Clin J Pain. 2022 Feb 8; 38 (5):320-327 Epub 2022 Feb 08 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Daraz L, Hooten WM, Guyatt G, Murad MH. Users' Guides to the Medical Literature series on social media (part 1): how to interpret healthcare information available on platforms. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2022 Feb; 27 (1):11-14 Epub 2021 Dec 21 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Daraz L, Hooten WM, Guyatt G, Murad MH. Users' Guides to the Medical Literature series on social media (part 2): how to appraise studies using data from platforms. BMJ Evid Based Med. 2022 Feb; 27 (1):15-20 Epub 2021 Dec 21 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Kilgore AE, D'Souza S. Manifestations of Pain During the COVID-19 Pandemic Portrayed on Social Media: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Med. 2022 Feb 1; 23 (2):229-233 View PubMed Desai MJ, Khatri N, Hagedorn JM, Strand N, D'Souza RS, Tieppo Francio V, Abd-Elsayed A, Lee DW, Petersen E, Goree JH, Weisbein JS, Deer TR. Social Media and Professional Conduct (SMART): Best Practice Guidelines from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN). J Pain Res. 2022; 15:1669-1678 Epub 2022 June 14 View PubMed Hoffmann CM, D'Souza RS, Hagedorn JM. An Advanced Practice Provider Guide to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. J Pain Res. 2022; 15:2283-2291 Epub 2022 Aug 07 View PubMed Abd-Elsayed A, Azeem N, Chopra P, D'Souza RS, Sayed D, Deer T. An International Survey on the Practice of Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation for Management of Zygapophyseal (Facet)-Mediated Low Back Pain. J Pain Res. 2022; 15:1083-1090 Epub 2022 Apr 14 View PubMed D'Souza RS, King R, Strand N, Barman R, Olatoye O. Sex Disparity Persists in Pain Medicine: A Cross-Sectional Study of Chairpersons Within ACGME-Accredited Chronic Pain Fellowship Programs in the United States. J Educ Perioper Med. 2022 Jan-Mar; 24 (1):E680 Epub 2022 Jan 01 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Eller J, Hoffmann C. Pain and Analgesic Utilization in Medically Underserved Areas: Five-Year Prevalence Study from the Rochester Epidemiology Project. J Pain Res. 2022; 15:1297-1304 Epub 2022 May 03 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Warner MA, Olatoye OO, Langford BJ, Bruns DL, Schroeder DR, Mauck WD, Schaefer KK, Warner NS. Perioperative Opioid Consumption and Clinical Outcomes in Surgical Patients With a Pre-existing Opioid-Based Intrathecal Drug Delivery System. Anesth Analg. 2022 Jan 1; 134 (1):35-43 View PubMed Her YF, Kubrova E, Martinez Alvarez GA, D'Souza RS. The Analgesic Efficacy of Intradiscal Injection of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate and Culture-Expanded Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Discogenic Pain: A Systematic Review. J Pain Res. 2022; 15:3299-3318 Epub 2022 Oct 20 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Pilitsis JG, Langford BJ, Orhurhu V, Hussain N, Hoffmann CM, Anitescu M, Vanterpool S, Ali R, Patel K, Moeschler SM. Speaker Gender Representation at the North American Neuromodulation Society Annual Meeting (2017-2021): Have We Made Progress in Closing the Gender Gap? J Pain Res. 2022; 15:3423-3432 Epub 2022 Oct 26 View PubMed Strand N, D'Souza RS, Hagedorn JM, Pritzlaff S, Sayed D, Azeem N, Abd-Elsayed A, Escobar A, Huntoon MA, Lam CM, Deer TR. Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience for the Use of Implantable Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain. J Pain Res. 2022; 15:2483-2504 Epub 2022 Aug 23 View PubMed Hunter CW, Deer TR, Jones MR, Chang Chien GC, D'Souza RS, Davis T, Eldon ER, Esposito MF, Goree JH, Hewan-Lowe L, Maloney JA, Mazzola AJ, Michels JS, Layno-Moses A, Patel S, Tari J, Weisbein JS, Goulding KA, Chhabra A, Hassebrock J, Wie C, Beall D, Sayed D, Strand N. Consensus Guidelines on Interventional Therapies for Knee Pain (STEP Guidelines) from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience. J Pain Res. 2022; 15:2683-2745 Epub 2022 Sept 08 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Woods CD, Lee D, Kissoon N, Bendel M. Delayed Cutaneous Fluid Leakage after Fluoroscopic-Guided Epidural Steroid Injection. Pain Med. 2021 Dec 11; 22 (12):3092-3095 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Peterson A, Barman R, Moman RN, Olatoye O. Radiation Use Trends During Spinal Cord Stimulator Placement Performed by Fellow Trainees. Pain Med 2021 Dec 11; 22 (12):3100-3102 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Whipple MO, Vincent A. Statin Therapy and Symptom Burden in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Prospective Questionnaire Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021 Dec; 5 (6):1036-1041 Epub 2021 Nov 01 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Sims CR 3rd, Andrijasevic N, Stewart TM, Curry TB, Hannon JA, Blackmon S, Cassivi SD, Shen RK, Reisenauer J, Wigle D, Brown MJ. Pulmonary Complications in Esophagectomy Based on Intraoperative Fluid Rate: A Single-Center Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021 Oct; 35(10):2952-2960. Epub 2021 Jan 12. View PubMed D'Souza RS, Hooten WM, Murad MH. A Proposed Approach for Conducting Studies That Use Data From Social Media Platforms. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Aug; 96 (8):2218-2229 View PubMed D'Souza R, Duncan C, Whiting D, Brown M, Warner M, Smith H, Kremers H, Stewart T. Tranexamic acid is associated with decreased transfusion, hospital length of stay, and hospital cost in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Aug 1; 21 (4):471-476 Epub 2021 Aug 01 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Romero J, Thuc Ha C, Bendel MA, D'Souza RS. Paresthesia-Based Versus High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Retrospective, Real-World, Single-Center Comparison. Neuromodulation. 2021 Jul 17 Epub 2021 July 17 View PubMed Dombovy-Johnson ML, D'Souza RS, Thuc Ha C, Hagedorn JM. Incidence and Risk Factors for Spinal Cord Stimulator Lead Migration With or Without Loss of Efficacy: A Retrospective Review of 91 Consecutive Thoracic Lead Implants. Neuromodulation. 2021 Jul 2 Epub 2021 July 02 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Sexton MA, Schulte PJ, Pasternak JJ, Abcejo AS. Recent Preoperative Concussion and Postoperative Complications: A Retrospective Matched-cohort Study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2021 Jul 1; 33 (3):221-229 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Parmele JB, Wolff JS, Bendel MA, D'Souza RS. The Prevalence of Elevated Impedances and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ineligibility Following Implantation of 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices: A Retrospective Review. Neuromodulation. 2021 Jun 10 Epub 2021 June 10 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Langford B, Moeschler S. Gender Representation in Fellowship Program Director Positions in ACGME-Accredited Chronic Pain and Acute Pain Fellowship Programs. Pain Med. 2021 Jun 4; 22 (6):1360-1366 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Li L, Leng S, Hunt C, Law L, Muir C, Eldrige J, Bydon M, Chi M, Shapiro S, Mauck WD, Qu W. A three-dimensional computed tomography study to determine the ideal method for fluoroscopically-guided bone marrow aspiration from the iliac crest. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Jun 1; 21 (3):370-377 Epub 2021 June 01 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, McArdle I, D'Souza RS, Yadav A, Engle AM, Deer TR. Effect of Patient Characteristics on Clinical Outcomes More Than 12 Months Following Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation Implantation: A Retrospective Review. Neuromodulation. 2021 Jun; 24 (4):695-699 Epub 2021 Jan 28 View PubMed Strand NH, D'Souza R, Wie C, Covington S, Maita M, Freeman J, Maloney J. Mechanism of Action of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021 May 11; 25 (7):47 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Lam CM, D'Souza RS, Sayed D, Bendel MA, Ha CT, Romero J, Hall M, Freeman E, Richardson BF, Hoelzer BC. Explantation of 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices: A Retrospective Review of 744 Patients Followed for at Least 12 Months. Neuromodulation. 2021 Apr; 24 (3):499-506 Epub 2021 Jan 19 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Langford BJ, D'Souza S, Rose SH, Long TR. Characteristics of Designated Institutional Officials and Sponsoring Institutions of ACGME-Accredited Training Programs J Grad Med Educ. 2021; 13(1):70-75. Yadav A, Hagedorn JM, D'Souza RS, Engle AM, Deer TR. Effect of Patient Characteristics on Reported Outcomes Over 12 Months Following Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation: A Retrospective Review of 500 Patients. Pain Pract. 2021 Feb; 21 (2):152-159 Epub 2020 Aug 07 View PubMed D'Souza RS, D'Souza S, Sharpe EE. YouTube as a source of medical information about epidural analgesia for labor pain. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2021 Feb; 45:133-137 Epub 2020 Nov 16 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Gunn J, Budwany R, D'Souza RS, Chakravarthy K, Deer TR. How Well Do Current Laboratory Biomarkers Inform Clinical Decision-Making in Chronic Pain Management? J Pain Res. 2021; 14:3695-3710 Epub 2021 Dec 03 View PubMed Langford B, Hooten WM, D'Souza S, Moeschler S, D'Souza RS. YouTube as a Source of Medical Information About Spinal Cord Stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2021 Jan; 24 (1):156-161 Epub 2020 Nov 02 View PubMed Bendel MA, D'Souza RS, North TJ, Pittelkow TP, Hagedorn JM. Skin Closure Technique and Postprocedural Pain after Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation: A Retrospective Review. Pain Res Manag. 2021; 2021:9912861 Epub 2021 June 04 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Langford BJ, Olsen DA, Johnson RL. Ultrasound-Guided Local Anesthetic Infiltration Between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the Posterior Knee (IPACK) Block for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Local Reg Anesth. 2021; 14:85-98 Epub 2021 May 12 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Strand N. Neuromodulation With Burst and Tonic Stimulation Decreases Opioid Consumption: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Success Using Neuromodulation With BURST (SUNBURST) Randomized Controlled Trial. Neuromodulation. 2021 Jan; 24 (1):135-141 Epub 2020 Sept 14 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Lin G, Oh T, Vincent A, Orhurhu V, Jiang L, Mauck WD, Qu W. Fibromyalgia Symptom Severity and Psychosocial Outcomes in Fibromyalgia Patients with Hypovitaminosis D: A Prospective Questionnaire Study. Pain Med. 2020 Dec 25; 21 (12):3470-3478 View PubMed Jiang L, D'Souza RS, Oh T, Vincent A, Mohabbat AB, Ashmore Z, Mauck WD, Ge L, Whipple MO, McAllister SJ, Wang Z, Qu W. Sex-Related Differences in Symptoms and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Prospective Questionnaire Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020 Dec; 4 (6):767-774 Epub 2020 Dec 10 View PubMed Covington SM, D'Souza RS, Erwin PJ, Qu W. A Systematic Review of Intra-Articular Ketamine for Postoperative Analgesia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Nov; 99 (11):1039-1047 View PubMed Kubrova E, D'Souza RS, Hunt CL, Wang Q, van Wijnen AJ, Qu W. Injectable Biologics: What Is the Evidence? Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Oct; 99 (10):950-960 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Hagedorn JM. Anticoagulation Use During Dorsal Column Spinal Cord Stimulation Trial. Pain Med. 2020 Oct 1; 21 (10):2595-2598 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Vogt MNP, Rho EH. Post-operative functional neurological symptom disorder after anesthesia. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2020 Aug 3; 20 (3):381-388 Epub 2020 Aug 03 View PubMed D'Souza RS, D'Souza S, Strand N, Anderson A, Vogt MNP, Olatoye O. YouTube as a source of medical information on the novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Glob Public Health. 2020 Jul; 15 (7):935-942 Epub 2020 May 12 View PubMed Covington SM, D'Souza RS, Erwin PJ, Qu W. A Systematic Review of Intra-articular Ketamine for Post-operative Analgesia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 May 26 [Epub ahead of print] View PubMed D'Souza RS, Dahl AR, Watson J, Warner NS. Convulsive Syncope Masquerading as Seizure After an Epidural Blood Patch. Pain Med. 2020 Mar 1; 21 (3):646-651 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Gurrieri C, Johnson RL, Warner N, Wittwer E. Intraoperative methadone administration and postoperative pain control: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2020 Feb; 161 (2):237-243 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Shen S, Ojukwu F, Gazelka HM, Pulos BP. Partnering with Palliative Care: A Case Report of Severe Pain in Critical Limb Ischemia Treated Successfully with a Continuous Popliteal Nerve Catheter. Case Rep Anesthesiol. 2020; 2020:1054521 Epub 2020 Apr 06 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Abcejo AS, Sexton MA. Intraoperative Management of Large Resuscitation-Associated Venous Air Embolism (VAE) for Emergent Neurological Surgery. Case Rep Anesthesiol. 2020; 2020:8868037 Epub 2020 June 06 View PubMed Hagedorn JM, Pittelkow TP, Hunt CL, D'Souza RS, Lamer TJ. Current Perspectives on Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Cancer Pain. J Pain Res. 2020; 13:3295-3305 Epub 2020 Dec 07 View PubMed Esmaeilzadeh S, D'Souza RS, Stewart TM, Sexton MA. Urgent Airway Management and Postoperative Complications in a Patient with Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome. Case Rep Anesthesiol. 2020; 2020:8835533 Epub 2020 Sept 11 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Johnson RL, Bettini L, Schulte PJ, Burkle C. Room for Improvement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Informed Consent Process for Emergency Surgery. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Sep; 94 (9):1786-1798 View PubMed Strand N, Jorge P, Freeman J, D'Souza RS. A rare complication of knee hematoma after genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation. Pain Rep. 2019 May-Jun; 4 (3):e736 Epub 2019 Apr 05 View PubMed Jagannathan R, Niesen AD, D'Souza RS, Johnson RL. Intermittent bolus versus continuous infusion techniques for local anesthetic delivery in peripheral and truncal nerve analgesia: the current state of evidence. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019 Apr; 44 (4):447-451 Epub 2019 Feb 03 View PubMed Ge L, D'Souza RS, Oh T, Vincent A, Mohabbat AB, Eldrige J, Jiang L, Whipple MO, McAllister SJ, Wang Z, Qu W, Mauck WD. Tobacco Use in Fibromyalgia Is Associated With Cognitive Dysfunction: A Prospective Questionnaire Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2019 Mar; 3 (1):78-85 Epub 2019 Feb 26 View PubMed Udechukwu NS, D'Souza RS, Abdulkareem A, Shogbesan O. Computed tomography diagnosis of omental infarction presenting as an acute abdomen. Radiol Case Rep. 2018 Jun; 13 (3):583-585 Epub 2018 Mar 15 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Mercogliano C, Ojukwu E, D'Souza S, Singles A, Modi J, Short A, Donato A. Effects of prophylactic anticholinergic medications to decrease extrapyramidal side effects in patients taking acute antiemetic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J. 2018 May; 35 (5):325-331 Epub 2018 Feb 03 View PubMed Abdulkareem A, D'Souza RS, Mundorff J, Shrestha P, Shogbesan O, Donato A. Refractory Abdominal Pain in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Be Wary of Acquired Angioedema due to C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency. Case Rep Hematol. 2018; 2018:7809535 Epub 2018 Jan 10 View PubMed D'Souza RS, Slavov D, Graw S, Jirikowic J, Todd E, Rogers RK, Taylor MR. Clinical and genetic characterization of adult patients presenting with non-syndromic vascular aneurysms and dissections. Int Angiol. 2017 Oct; 36 (5):417-427 Epub 2017 Jan 31 View PubMed Abdulkareem A, D'Souza RS, Patel N, Donato AA. A rare case of pulmonary toxoplasmosis in a patient with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis on chronic methotrexate and corticosteroid therapy. BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Aug 23; 2017 View PubMed D'souza RS, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG. Danon disease for the cardiologist: case report and review of the literature. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017 Mar; 7 (2):107-114 Epub 2017 June 06 View PubMed D'souza RS, Donato A. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an overlooked cause of cough and dyspnea. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017 Mar; 7 (2):95-99 Epub 2017 June 06 View PubMed Abdulkareem A, D'Souza RS, Shogbesan O, Donato A. A Case of Rituximab-Induced Necrotizing Fasciitis and a Review of the Literature. Case Rep Hematol. 2017; 2017:6971027 Epub 2017 Sept 26 View PubMed D'souza RS, Levandowski C, Slavov D, Graw SL, Allen LA, Adler E, Mestroni L, Taylor MR. Danon disease: clinical features, evaluation, and management. Circ Heart Fail. 2014 Sep; 7 (5):843-9 View PubMed Bateman JR, Larschan E, D'Souza R, Marshall LS, Dempsey KE, Johnson JE, Mellone BG, Kuroda MI. A genome-wide screen identifies genes that affect somatic homolog pairing in Drosophila. G3 (Bethesda). 2012 Jul; 2 (7):731-40 Epub 2012 July 01 View PubMed PST-20489090 Inicio Publicaciones