نظرة عامة

الساركومة الزليلية نوع نادر من السرطان غالبًا ما يصيب المناطق القريبة من المفاصل الكبيرة، وخاصةً الركبة. تُصيب الساركومة الزليلية عادةً اليافعين في مرحلة الشباب.

وتبدأ الساركومة الزليلية على هيئة ورم في الخلايا يمكن أن يتضاعف بسرعة ويدمِّر الأنسجة السليمة. يكون العَرَض الأول عادةً وجود تورُّم أو كتلة تحت الجلد. وقد تكون الكتلة مؤلمة أو غير مؤلمة.

يمكن أن تحدث الساركومة الزليلية في أي مكان في الجسم تقريبًا. والأماكن الأكثر شيوعًا في الإصابة هي الساقان والذراعان.

والساركومة الزليلية نوع من السرطان يُسمَّى ساركومة الأنسجة الرخوة. وتُصيب هذه السرطانات الأنسجة الضامَّة في الجسم. توجد عدة أنواع من ساركومة الأنسجة الرخوة.

الأعراض

Signs and symptoms of synovial sarcoma depend on where the cancer starts. Most people notice a painless lump or bump that slowly gets bigger. The lump usually starts near the knee or ankle, but it can appear on any part of the body.

Synovial sarcoma symptoms may include:

  • A lump or bump under the skin that slowly gets bigger.
  • Joint stiffness.
  • Pain.
  • Swelling.

Synovial sarcoma that happens in the head or neck can cause other symptoms. These may include:

  • Problems breathing.
  • Difficulty swallowing.
  • Changes in the way the voice sounds.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that don't go away and that worry you.

الأسباب

It's not clear what causes synovial sarcoma.

This kind of cancer forms when cells develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to make many more cells quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.

The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it's called metastatic cancer.

عوامل الخطورة

Younger age is a risk factor for synovial sarcoma. This cancer happens most often in older children and young adults.

There is no way to prevent synovial sarcoma.

03/01/2025

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  1. Gazendam AM, et al. Synovial sarcoma: A clinical review. Current Oncology. 2021; doi:10.3390/curroncol28030177.
  2. Synovial sarcoma. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/pediatric-adult-rare-tumor/rare-tumors/rare-soft-tissue-tumors/synovial-sarcoma. Accessed Jan. 24, 2023.
  3. Fiore M, et al. The biology of synovial sarcoma: State-of-the art and future perspectives. Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 2021; doi:10.1007/s11864-021-00914-4.
  4. Soft tissue sarcoma. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=1&id=1464. Accessed August 6, 2024.
  5. Blay J, et al. Synovial sarcoma: Characteristics, challenges, and evolving therapeutic strategies. ESMO Open. 2023; doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101618.
  6. D'Angelo SP, et al. Afamitresgene autoleucel for advanced synovial sarcoma and myxoid round cell liposarcoma (SPEARHEAD-1): An international, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2024; doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(24)00319-2.
  7. Ho TP (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Sept. 12, 2024.

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