概述
图像引导放射疗法也称为 IGRT，是一种放射疗法。放射疗法利用强大的能量束杀死癌细胞。能量可以来自 X 线、质子或其他来源。在 IGRT 中，图像可用于帮助制定治疗计划。
进行 IGRT 期间，会在每次放疗前拍摄高质量的图像。图像可用于提高放射治疗的准确性和精确性。
IGRT 支持使用更高的放射剂量，从而可能增加治疗的有效性，缩短疗程，并减少对靶标周围的健康组织的辐射。
IGRT 是放射疗法的标准治疗，可用于治疗所有类型的癌症。有时也用于控制非癌性肿瘤。
目的
IGRT 可用于治疗所有类型的癌症，但尤其适合非常靠近身体敏感结构和器官的肿瘤和癌症。IGRT 也适用于在治疗期间或两次治疗间隙可能发生转移的癌症。
风险
As with most medical procedures, there are risks to image-guided radiation therapy, also called IGRT. The specific risks depend on which part of the body gets the radiation and how much is used.
| Part of body being treated |
Common side effects |
| Any part |
Hair loss at the treatment site that can be permanent, skin irritation at the treatment site, extreme tiredness |
| Head and neck |
Dry mouth, thickened saliva, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, changes in the way food tastes, nausea, mouth sores, tooth decay |
| Chest |
Difficulty swallowing, cough, shortness of breath |
| Abdomen |
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
| Pelvis |
Diarrhea, bladder irritation, urinating often, changes in sexual function |
If you have side effects, they often can be controlled during treatment. After treatment, most side effects go away.
Sometimes side effects develop after treatment. These are called late side effects. Very rarely, a new cancer may develop years or decades after cancer treatment. It can be caused by radiation or other treatments. This is called a second primary cancer. Ask your healthcare professional about side effects that could happen after treatment, both short term and long term.
如何进行准备
Before image-guided radiation therapy, you may meet with a doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat cancer. This doctor is called a radiation oncologist. Together you may talk about whether image-guided radiation therapy, also called IGRT, is right for you.
If you decide to move forward with IGRT, your radiation therapy team carefully plans the treatment. The team may choose one or more imaging types to precisely locate the cancer and sensitive organs.
IGRT may involve a variety of 2D, 3D and 4D imaging techniques to plan the treatment, position your body and aim the radiation so that it is carefully focused on the cancer. This helps to minimize harm to healthy cells and organs nearby.
可能出现的情况
如果要进行 IGRT，治疗团队会选择一种或多种成像技术，以精确定位癌症及附近的敏感器官。IGRT 可能需要在各种 2D、3D 和 4D 成像技术的辅助下，对身体进行定位并确定照射位置，确保仔细地聚焦和治疗癌症。这有助于减少对附近健康细胞和器官的伤害。
IGRT 期间，每次治疗之前都要进行影像学检查，有时也会在放疗期间检查。放射治疗团队会将这些图像与之前拍摄的图像进行比较，确定癌症位置是否已发生变化，以便对身体和治疗方法进行调整，从而更精确地靶向癌症。
结果
After image-guided radiation therapy, you might have imaging tests to see if the cancer is shrinking. Ask your healthcare team when you can expect to know the results of your treatment. Sometimes the cancer responds to treatment right away. Other times it may take weeks or months to see the treatment working.
Jan. 15, 2025