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April 21, 2023
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  1. FAQs: Combined hormonal birth control: Pill, patch, and ring. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/combined-hormonal-birth-control-pill-patch-ring. Accessed Sept. 20, 2022.
  2. Combined hormonal contraceptives. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/mmwr/spr/combined.html. Accessed Sept. 20, 2022.
  3. Birth control methods. Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/birth-control-methods. Accessed Sept. 20, 2022.
  4. Birth control. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/birth-control. Accessed Sept. 20, 2022.
  5. Marnach ML, et al. Contraceptive challenges in women with common medical conditions. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.045.
  6. Hatcher RA, et al., eds. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs). In: Contraceptive Technology. 21st ed. Ayer Company Publishers; 2018.
  7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 110: Noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2010; doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cb50b5. Reaffirmed 2020.
  8. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 206: Use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2019; doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003072.
  9. Allen RH. Combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives: Patient selection, counseling, and use. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 23, 2022.
  10. Burnett TL (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Sept. 30, 2022

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