蜱叮咬：急救

大数蜱咬伤无痛且只会引起轻微的症状和体征，如皮肤颜色变化、肿胀或酸痛。

但有些蜱虫会传播细菌而引发疾病，如莱姆病和落基山斑疹热。一般而言，蜱虫至少需附着在人体皮肤上 36 小时才能传播莱姆病。其他感染可能只需要数小时甚至数分钟。

如果出现以下症状，请拨打 911 或当地急救电话：

To take care of a tick bite:

Remove the tick promptly and carefully. Use fine-tipped forceps or tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible. Gently pull out the tick using a slow and steady upward motion. Avoid twisting or squeezing the tick. Do not handle the tick with bare hands. Do not use petroleum jelly, fingernail polish or a hot match to remove a tick.
Secure the tick and take a picture. A picture of the tick can help you and your health care provider identify what type it is and whether you are at risk of a transmitted disease. You can trap the tick in a piece of tape for disposal in the garbage. Your provider may want to see the tick or a photo if you develop new symptoms.
Wash your hands and the bite site. Use warm water and soap, rubbing alcohol, or an iodine scrub.

您无法完全清除蜱虫。蜱虫吸附进入皮肤的时间越长，您患病的风险就越大。您的皮肤也可能会受到刺激。
皮疹变大。蜱虫叮咬的部位可能会出现小隆起。这是典型特征。如果它发展成更大的皮疹或者您在任何部位出现皮疹，且可能呈牛眼形状，则可能是莱姆病。皮疹通常在 3-14 天内出现。

即使皮疹消失，也应咨询您的医务人员，因为您仍可能有患病的风险。您因被蜱虫叮咬而感染疾病的风险取决于您住在哪里或到哪里旅行、您在树木丛生和长满草的户外待了多久，以及您保护自己的情况如何。
您出现流感样体征和症状。皮疹可能伴有发热、寒战、疲乏、肌肉和关节疼痛以及头痛。
您认为被叮咬部位发生感染。体征和症状包括疼痛、肤色改变或被叮咬部位渗液。
您认为自己是被鹿蜱叮咬。您可能需要使用抗生素。

如果方便，就诊时带上蜱虫或所拍的蜱虫照片。

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Tick removal. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/removing_a_tick.html. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
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Tick attachment and tickborne diseases. Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Division of Disease Surveillance. https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/vector-borne/lyme/tick-attachment-and-tickborne-diseases.shtml. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
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March 15, 2024

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