腮腺肿瘤

概述

相关视频

在 YouTube 视频网站上观看妙佑医疗国际专家探讨腮腺肿瘤。

腮腺肿瘤是从腮腺内开始的细胞生长物。腮腺是位于耳前的两个唾液腺。面部两侧各有一个唾液腺。唾液腺会分泌唾液，帮助咀嚼和消化食物。

口唇、面颊、口腔及咽喉部有许多唾液腺。这两个腺体中的任何一个都可能出现细胞生长物（称为肿瘤）。腮腺是发生唾液腺肿瘤的最常见位置。

大多数腮腺肿瘤并不是癌变。这些肿瘤称为非癌性或良性腮腺肿瘤。有时，这些肿瘤是癌性的。这些肿瘤称为恶性腮腺肿瘤或腮腺癌症。

腮腺肿瘤通常会引起面部或下巴肿胀，但通常不会导致疼痛。其他症状包括吞咽困难或面部活动丧失。

腮腺肿瘤通常由专门治疗累及耳鼻喉的问题的医生诊断和治疗。这些医生称为 ENT 专家或耳鼻喉科医生。

症状

Signs and symptoms of parotid tumors include:

• A lump or swelling on one side of the face that might appear near the ear or cheek.
• Trouble swallowing.
• Trouble opening the mouth widely.
• Numbness in part of the face.
• Muscle weakness in part of the face.
• Pain in the face.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

病因

It's not clear what causes parotid tumors. These tumors start as a growth of cells in the parotid glands. The parotid glands are two salivary glands that sit just in front of the ears. There is one on each side of the face. Salivary glands make saliva to help with chewing and digesting food.

Parotid tumors happen when cells in the parotid glands develop changes in their DNA. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In tumor cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the tumor cells to grow and multiply quickly. Tumor cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.

Sometimes the changes in the DNA turn the cells into cancer cells. Cancer cells can invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it's called metastatic cancer.

风险因素

Factors that increase the risk of parotid tumors include:

• Increasing age. Parotid tumors can happen at any age. However, they are more common in older adults.
• Previous radiation therapy treatments. People who have had radiation therapy to the head and neck area in the past are at a higher risk of parotid tumors.
• Exposure to harmful substances. People who work with certain substances may have an increased risk of salivary gland tumors, including parotid tumors. Examples of industries associated with an increased risk include those that involve rubber manufacturing and nickel.