非黑色素瘤皮肤癌

概述

非黑色素瘤皮肤癌是指发生在未出现黑色素瘤的皮肤区域的所有类型的癌症。

有几种皮肤癌属于更广泛的非黑色素瘤皮肤癌范畴，其中最常见的类型就是基底细胞癌和皮肤鳞状细胞癌。

非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的治疗方案取决于所患癌症的类型。皮肤癌的治疗通常涉及通过手术切除癌细胞。

Types

症状

Symptoms of nonmelanoma skin cancer often develop on parts of the body that are exposed to the sun. Examples include the scalp, face, ears, neck, chest, arms and hands. But nonmelanoma skin cancer can happen on other parts of the body too. This includes the lips, fingers, fingernails and genital areas.

Nonmelanoma skin cancer symptoms appear as a change in the skin, including:

• A new growth on the skin.
• Changes to an existing skin spot, such as changes in shape or color.
• Itching, pain, crusting or bleeding of a skin spot.
• A sore that won't heal or one that keeps coming back.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a healthcare professional if you see any changes on your skin that worry you.

病因

Nonmelanoma skin cancer develops when changes happen in the DNA of skin cells. A cell's DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA tells the cells to grow and multiply at a set rate. The DNA also tells the cells to die at a set time.

In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells. In nonmelanoma skin cancer, the cells grow out of control and may form a new growth on the skin or cause changes in an existing spot on the skin.

Ultraviolet light, also called UV light, causes most of the DNA changes in skin cells. UV light can come from sunlight, tanning lamps and tanning beds. But sun exposure doesn't explain skin cancers that develop on skin that's not typically exposed to sunlight. Other factors can contribute to the risk and development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. The exact cause is not always clear.

风险因素

Factors that may raise the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer include:

• Being in the sun too much. A lot of time spent in the sun or using tanning beds raises the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Getting severe sunburns also raises the risk.
• Having skin that sunburns easily. Anyone of any skin color can get nonmelanoma skin cancer. But it's more common in people who have low levels of melanin in their skin. Melanin is a substance that gives color to skin. It also helps protect the skin from damaging UV light. People with Black or brown skin have more melanin than people with white skin. The risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer is highest in people who have blond or red hair, have light-colored eyes, and freckle or sunburn easily.
• A personal or family history of skin cancer. People who have had skin cancer before have a higher risk of developing it again. Those with a family history of skin cancer also may have a higher risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer.
• Medicines to control the immune system. Medicines that work by suppressing the immune system raise the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancers significantly. Medicines that work in this way include those used after an organ transplant to prevent rejection.
• Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy to treat acne or other skin conditions may raise the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer at the previous treatment sites on the skin.
• Increasing age. The risk of some types of nonmelanoma skin cancer goes up as people get older.
• Inherited syndromes that cause skin cancer. Some rare genetic diseases can raise the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer.