概述

视神经脊髓炎(NMO)是一种中枢神经系统失调,造成眼神经和脊髓发炎。

NMO 也称为视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍(NMOSD)或德维克氏病。当身体的免疫系统对自己的细胞发生反应时,就会发生这种情况。其主要发生在连接眼睛视网膜和大脑的视神经,以及脊髓中。但有时也会发生在脑内。

这种疾病可能在感染后出现,或者可能与另一种自身免疫病有关。不规则抗体与中枢神经系统中的蛋白质结合并造成损害。

视神经脊髓炎常被误诊为多发性硬化症(MS)或被认为是 MS 的一种,但其实 NMO 是一种不同的状况。

视神经脊髓炎可导致单眼或双眼失明、腿部或手臂无力或瘫痪、疼痛性痉挛、感觉丧失、不受控制的呕吐和打嗝,以及脊髓损伤引起的膀胱或肠功能障碍。儿童患者可能出现意识模糊、癫痫发作或昏迷。

复发很常见。防止反复发作是避免失能的关键。视神经脊髓炎的急性发作或许可逆,但严重时可能导致永久性的视力丧失和行走问题。

Nov. 23, 2022
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