进入绝经期后,我经常出现阴道干涩。干涩导致性交疼痛。有什么办法可以缓解吗?

回答 Mary Marnach, M.D.

阴道干涩是许多人在绝经后遇到的问题。阴道干涩是所谓的绝经生殖泌尿综合征的主要症状。这种综合征曾经被称为萎缩性阴道炎或阴道萎缩。

在这种情况下,阴道组织变得更薄、更容易受到刺激。这是由于绝经期期间雌激素水平下降所致。

可以通过以下方法来缓解这种阴道干涩和性交疼痛(也称为性交困难)。医务人员可能建议:

  • 阴道保湿剂(K-Y Liquibeads、Replens 等)。每天或每隔几天将保湿剂放入阴道或涂在外阴周围,以保持阴道组织健康。
  • 阴道润滑剂(Astroglide、Sliquid 等)。在性交前将润滑剂涂在阴道、外阴或阴茎上,以缓解性交时的疼痛。这些可以与阴道保湿剂一起使用。
  • 低剂量阴道雌激素乳膏、片剂或环。这有助于恢复阴道组织的健康。如果您在使用激素疗法药片或贴片后仍有阴道干涩和相关症状,医务人员可能建议您使用低剂量的阴道雌激素治疗。如果您曾患有乳腺癌,请与医务人员讨论阴道雌激素治疗的相关低风险。
  • 奥培米芬(Osphena)。这种选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM)是口服药物,用于治疗与阴道组织变薄相关的性交疼痛。该药不适用于曾患乳腺癌或乳腺癌高风险人群。
  • 脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)。每晚将此栓剂放入阴道。用于缓解绝经后的性交疼痛。

定期的性生活或阴道刺激(无论有无伴侣)有助于在绝经后保持阴道组织健康。

With

Mary Marnach, M.D.

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May 14, 2024 See more Expert Answers