概述

当您用来说话的肌肉变弱或者您很难控制它们时,就会出现构音障碍。构音障碍常常导致口齿不清或语速缓慢,难以理解。

神经系统障碍以及导致面瘫或是舌、咽部肌肉无力的症状都属于构音障碍的常见原因。某些药物也会导致构音障碍。

治疗导致构音障碍的根本原因可以改善您的说话能力。您可能还需要言语治疗。对于处方药引起的构音障碍,更换或停用药物可能会有所帮助。

症状

构音障碍的体征和症状各不相同,这取决于构音障碍的潜在原因和类型。症状可能包括:

  • 言语不清
  • 语速慢
  • 讲话声无法超过耳语或讲话声太大
  • 语速快,难以理解
  • 有鼻音、声音沙哑或紧张
  • 说话节奏不均匀或不正常
  • 说话音量不均匀
  • 说话单调
  • 舌头或面部肌肉活动困难

何时就诊

构音障碍可能是严重疾病的体征。如果您的说话能力发生突然或原因不详的变化,请就医。

病因

构音障碍患者可能很难移动口腔、面部或上呼吸系统中控制说话的肌肉。可能导致构音障碍的疾病包括:

  1. 肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS 或卢贾里格症)
  2. 脑损伤
  3. 脑肿瘤
  4. 脑瘫
  5. 吉兰 - 巴雷综合征
  6. 头部受伤
  7. 亨廷顿病
  8. 莱姆病
  9. 多发性硬化
  10. 肌营养不良
  11. 重症肌无力
  12. 帕金森氏病
  13. 卒中
  14. 威尔逊氏症

一些药物也会引起构音障碍,如某些镇静剂和抗癫痫发作药。

风险因素

Dysarthria risk factors include having a neurological condition that affects the muscles that control speech.

并发症

由于构音障碍引起的沟通问题,并发症可能包括:

  • 社交困难。沟通问题可能会影响您与家人和朋友的关系,使社交场合充满挑战。
  • 抑郁。在一些人中,构音障碍可能导致社交孤立和抑郁。

July 12, 2024
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