概述
肾上腺良性肿瘤是在肾上腺中形成的非癌性肿块。作为内分泌系统的一部分，肾上腺分泌的激素几乎可以作用于体内的所有器官和组织。
您有两个肾上腺，每侧肾脏上各有一个。每个肾上腺有两个组织类型：皮质和髓质。皮质中形成的肾上腺良性肿瘤又叫做肾上腺腺瘤。那些在髓质中形成的肿瘤又叫做嗜铬细胞瘤。
大部分的肾上腺良性肿瘤不会引起症状，无需治疗。但是有时，这些肿瘤分泌高水平的某些激素，从而引起并发症。
最常见的过量分泌的激素是皮质分泌的醛固酮和皮质醇以及髓质分泌的肾上腺素。在这些情况下，肾上腺良性肿瘤治疗方法包括手术或药物治疗。
症状
Symptoms depend on whether the tumor makes hormones, what hormone it makes and how much it makes. But many benign adrenal gland tumors don't cause symptoms because they don't make hormones.
The most common type of benign adrenal tumor, called adenoma, comes from the adrenal cortex. This type of tumor might cause symptoms such as:
- Weight gain.
- Easy bruising.
- High blood pressure, also called hypertension.
- Diabetes.
- Depressed mood.
- Tiredness.
- Muscle weakness or cramping.
A type of benign adrenal tumor from the medulla is called pheochromocytoma. It might cause the following symptoms:
- High blood pressure, also called hypertension.
- Fast heartbeat.
- Sweating.
- Tremors.
- Headache.
病因
The cause of benign adrenal tumors often is not known.
风险因素
The following might raise the risk of developing a benign adrenal tumor:
- A family history of benign adrenal tumors.
- Certain syndromes passed through families, called genetic syndromes, that make benign adrenal tumors more likely.
- A history of having an adrenal tumor surgically removed.