附件肿瘤

概述

附件肿瘤是在子宫周围的器官和结缔组织上形成的细胞生长物。这种肿瘤通常为非癌性，但也可能为癌性。

附件肿瘤出现在：

• 卵巢
• 输卵管
• 卵巢或输卵管周围的结缔组织

附件肿瘤的诊断需要仔细的体检、影像学检查，有时还需要手术。附件肿瘤的治疗取决于受累细胞的具体位置和类型。

症状

Many adnexal tumors and masses don't cause symptoms. They're often found during a medical exam that's done for another reason.

When adnexal tumors and masses cause symptoms, the symptoms may include:

• Pain, including pain in the pelvis or belly, painful period cramps that are worse than usual, and painful sex.
• A feeling of fullness or pressure in the pelvis or belly, or feeling full quickly when eating.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Constipation or bloating.
• Urinating a lot or having trouble urinating.
• Bleeding from the vagina that is out of the ordinary.
• Fever.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

If you have any of the following symptoms, get emergency medical care right away:

• Terrible pelvic or belly pain.
• Pelvic or belly pain that starts quickly.
• Bleeding from the vagina during the first three months of pregnancy.

病因

There are many possible causes of adnexal tumors and masses. Causes that are more common include:

• Cysts. When fluid builds up in an area of the body, the mass that forms is called a cyst. Cysts can happen within the ovaries and fallopian tubes as well as in the connective tissue around them.
• Endometriosis. Endometriosis happens when tissue that is similar to the inner lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. It often affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining the pelvis.
• Ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus, most often in a fallopian tube.

Examples of other health conditions that can lead to adnexal tumors and masses include:

• Fibrosis. Fibrosis is a condition that happens when connective tissue becomes thick and scarred.
• Hydrosalpinx. Hydrosalpinx is when fluid blocks a fallopian tube.
• Infection. An infection may cause pus to build up and form a mass, called an abscess.
• Ovarian torsion. Ovarian torsion happens when an ovary moves out of its typical position and becomes twisted.
• Cancer. Most adnexal tumors and masses are not cancer. But some may be cancer that affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes or the tissue around them.

风险因素

Because so many conditions can cause adnexal tumors and masses, there are many things that can raise the risk of developing them. But it's most important to be aware of factors that can affect the risk of an adnexal tumor or mass being cancer, including:

• Menopause. People who have gone through menopause are more likely to have an adnexal tumor or mass that is cancer than are people who haven't gone through menopause.
• Hormone medicines. People who have used infertility medicines with hormones are at a higher risk of a cancerous adnexal tumor or mass. But those who have used hormonal birth control are at a much lower risk of an adnexal tumor or mass being cancer.
• Family medical history. People with family members who have had breast cancer, ovarian cancer or fallopian tube cancer are at higher risk of developing a cancerous adnexal tumor or mass.
• Inherited DNA changes. DNA changes that raise the risk of cancer can be passed from parents to children. These changes can greatly raise the risk of getting some cancers. But not everyone with these DNA changes gets cancer.
• Smoking cigarettes. Cigarette smoking raises the risk of developing an adnexal tumor or mass that is cancer.

临床试验

探索 Mayo Clinic 的研究 测试新的治疗、干预与检查方法，旨在预防、检测、治疗或控制这种疾病。

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