Migraine research brings new options for relief

Throbbing pain. Sensitivity to light or sound. Nausea.

People living with migraine are familiar with the symptoms of a migraine attack. And they know that some migraine treatments aren't ideal for everyone and can bring side effects like headaches and nausea.

But things are changing.

Protein discovery changes medications

Researchers found that during a migraine attack, a protein called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) gets released. When the migraine stops, CGRP levels drop.

With that understanding, doctors were able to develop new medications specifically for migraine. The new options have fewer side effects than older treatments. The Food and Drug Administration approved the first in 2018.

The medications find CGRP proteins or CGRP receptors and basically hug them so that they become inactive.

CGRP targeting is used in two types of migraine medication:

Preventive medications help reduce the frequency of migraines.

As-needed treatments provide in-the-moment pain relief during a migraine attack.

CGRP-targeting drugs are still new and can be tough to get. Many insurance companies don't cover them. Even when they are covered, you might have to try other medications first.

Because these medications are new, long-term effects are still being studied.

Nondrug relief is available

Another option for migraine relief is a device that gives electrical or magnetic pulses to the head, neck or arm. The devices don't interact with other medications. They can be used as needed or for preventive migraine treatment.

The downside is that the devices can be expensive and often aren't covered by insurance.

Mayo Clinic experts say that none of these treatments works for everyone with migraine. But researchers are working hard to find more solutions to provide migraine relief to more people.