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Wei Liu, Ph.D.

  1. Radiation Oncology Medical Physicist
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Publications

  1. Chen J, Yang Y, Feng H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu T, Vargas CE, Yu NY, Rwigema JM, Keole SR, Patel SH, Vora SA, Shen J, Liu W. Robust Optimization for Spot Scanning Proton Therapy based on Dose-Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Volume Constraints. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 Nov 15 [Epub ahead of print]
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  2. Zhang K, Zhou R, Adhikarla E, Yan Z, Liu Y, Yu J, Liu Z, Chen X, Davison BD, Ren H, Huang J, Chen C, Zhou Y, Fu S, Liu W, Liu T, Li X, Chen Y, He L, Zou J, Li Q, Liu H, Sun L. A generalist vision-language foundation model for diverse biomedical tasks. Nat Med. 2024 Nov; 30 (11):3129-3141 Epub 2024 Aug 07
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  3. Holmes J, Zhang L, Ding Y, Feng H, Liu Z, Liu T, Wong WW, Vora SA, Ashman JB, Liu W. Benchmarking a Foundation Large Language Model on its Ability to Relabel Structure Names in Accordance With the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group-263 Report. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2024 Nov-Dec; 14 (6):e515-e521 Epub 2024 Sept 05
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  4. Vora SA, Pafundi DH, DeWees TA, Voss MM, Ashman JB, Bendok BR, Laack NN, Liu W, Mahajan A, Mrugala MM, Porter AB, Sio TT, Uhm JH, Yang M, Brinkmann DH, Brown PD. Short-Course, Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy Incorporating 18F-DOPA PET–MRI for Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Prospective Phase 2 Trial The Lancet Oncology (Manuscript accepted pending revisions-24-00665R2). 2024.
  5. Feng H, Shan J, Vargas CE, Keole SR, Rwigema JM, Yu NY, Ding Y, Zhang L, Hu Y, Schild SE, Wong WW, Vora SA, Shen J, Liu W. Online Adaptive Proton Therapy Facilitated by Artificial Intelligence-Based Autosegmentation in Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 Sep 20 Epub 2024 Sept 20
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  6. Vora SA, Pafundi DH, Voss MM, Buras MR, Ashman JB, Bendok BR, Breen W, Hu LS, Kizilbash SH, Laack NN, Liu W, Mahajan A, Mrugala MM, Porter Umphrey AB, Ruff MW, Sio TT, Uhm J, Yang M, Brinkmann DH, Brown PD. Phase 2 Study of Short-Course, Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy Incorporating 18F-DOPA PET–MRI for Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (In review with Editor, Manuscript Number: D-24-00665R1) The Lancet. 2024.
  7. Shen J, Ding X, Charyyev S, Liang X, Oancea C, Wang P, Rule WG, Liu W, Bues M, Lin L. Time structures of proton pencil beam scanning delivery on a microsecond scale measured with a pixelated semiconductor detector Timepix3. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2024 Sep; 25 (9):e14486 Epub 2024 Aug 13
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  8. Holmes J, Feng H, Zhang L, Fix MK, Jiang SB, Liu W. Fast Monte Carlo dose calculation in proton therapy. Phys Med Biol. 2024 Aug 13; 69 (17)
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  9. Paganetti H, Simone CB 2nd, Bosch WR, Haas-Kogan D, Kirsch DG, Li H, Liang X, Liu W, Mahajan A, Story MD, Taylor PA, Willers H, Xiao Y, Buchsbaum JC. NRG Oncology White Paper on the Relative Biological Effectiveness in Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 Jul 25 Epub 2024 July 25
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  10. Liu W, Feng H, Taylor PA, Kang M, Shen J, Saini J, Zhou J, Giap HB, Yu NY, Sio TS, Mohindra P, Chang JY, Bradley JD, Xiao Y, Simone CB 2nd, Lin L. NRG Oncology and Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group Patterns of Practice Survey and Consensus Recommendations on Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Thoracic Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 Jul 15; 119 (4):1208-1221 Epub 2024 Feb 22
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  11. Harrison N, Kang M, Liu R, Charyyev S, Wahl N, Liu W, Zhou J, Higgins KA, Simone CB 2nd, Bradley JD, Dynan WS, Lin L. A Novel Inverse Algorithm To Solve the Integrated Optimization of Dose, Dose Rate, and Linear Energy Transfer of Proton FLASH Therapy With Sparse Filters. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2024 Jul 1; 119 (3):957-967 Epub 2023 Dec 16
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  12. Xiao Z, Chen Y, Yao J, Zhang L, Liu Z, Wu Z, Yu X, Pan Y, Zhao L, Ma C, Liu X, Liu W, Li X, Yuan Y, Shen D, Zhu D, Liu T, Jiang X. Instruction-ViT: Multi-Modal Prompts for Instruction Learning in Vision Transformer. Information Fusion. 2024; 104. Epub 2023 Dec 01.
  13. Wang Z, Liu W, Marko S, Tremsin A. Optical versus radiographic imaging and tomography: introduction to the ROADS feature issue. Applied Optics (accepted). 2024; 63(12):p. ROADS 1.
  14. Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhang L, Wu Z, Yu X, Holmes J, Feng H, Dai H, Li X, Li Q, Wong WW, Vora SA, Zhu D, Liu T, Liu W. Technical note: Generalizable and promptable artificial intelligence model to augment clinical delineation: segment anything model (SAM) in radiation oncology. Med Phys. 2024 Mar; 51 (3):2187-2199 Epub 2024 Feb 06
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  15. Shen J, Taylor PA, Vargas CE, Kang M, Saini J, Zhou J, Wang P, Liu W, Simone CB 2nd, Xiao Y, Lin L. The Status and Challenges for Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Treatments in United States Proton Therapy Centers: An NRG Oncology Practice Survey. Int J Part Ther. 2024 Mar; 11:100020 Epub 2024 Apr 24
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  16. Zhang L, Holmes JM, Liu Z, Vora SA, Sio TT, Vargas CE, Yu NY, Keole SR, Schild SE, Bues M, Li S, Liu T, Shen J, Wong WW, Liu W. Beam mask and sliding window-facilitated deep learning-based accurate and efficient dose prediction for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Med Phys. 2024 Feb; 51 (2):1484-1498 Epub 2023 Sept 25
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  17. Feng H, Holmes JM, Vora SA, Stoker JB, Bues M, Wong WW, Sio T, Foote RL, Patel SH, Shen J, Liu W. Modelling small block aperture in an in-house developed GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo-based dose engine for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Phys Med Biol. 2024 Jan 17; 69 (3)
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  18. Liu Z, Zhong A, Li Y, Yang L, Ju C, Wu Z, Ma C, Shu P, Chen C, Kim S, Dai H, Zhao L, Zhu D, Liu J, Liu W, Shen D, Li Q, Liu T, Li X. Tailoring Large Language Models to Radiology: A Preliminary Approach to LLM Adaptation for a Highly Specialized Domain. Machine Learning in Medical Imaging. 2024.
  19. Hu J, Fatyga M, Liu W, Schild SE, Wong WW, Vora SA, Li J. Radiotherapy toxicity prediction using knowledge-constrained generalized linear model. IISE Trans Healthc Syst Eng. 2024; 14 (2):130-140 Epub 2023 July 07
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  20. Holmes J, Zhang L, Ding Y, Feng H, Liu Z, Liu T, Wong WW, Vora SA, Ashman JB, Liu W. Benchmarking a foundation LLM on its ability to re-label structure names in accordance with the AAPM TG-263 report. Practical Radiation Oncology (accepted). 2024.
  21. Dai H, Liu Z, Liao W, Huang X, Cao Y, Wu Z, Zhao L, Xu S, Liu W, Liu N, Li S, Zhu D, Cai H, Sun L, Li Q, Shen D, Liu T, Li X. AugGPT: Leveraging ChatGPT for text data augmentation. IEEE Transactions on Big Data (accepted). 2024.
  22. Liu C, Liu Z, Holmes J, Zhang L, Zhang L, Ding Y, Shu P, Wu Z, Dai H, Li Y, Shen D, Liu N, Li Q, Li X, Zhu D, Liu T, Liu W. Artificial general intelligence for radiation oncology. Meta Radiol. 2023 Nov; 1 (3) Epub 2023 Nov 24
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  23. Ding Y, Feng H, Yang Y, Holmes J, Liu Z, Liu D, Wong WW, Yu NY, Sio TT, Schild SE, Li B, Liu W. Deep-learning based fast and accurate 3D CT deformable image registration in lung cancer. Med Phys. 2023 Nov; 50 (11):6864-6880 Epub 2023 June 08
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  24. Hu J, Schild SE, Liu W, Li J, Fatyga M. Improving Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) Based Analysis of Clinical Outcomes Using Modern Statistical Techniques: A Systematic Answer to Multiple Comparisons Concerns. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2023 Oct 1; 117 (2S):S20
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  25. Liu R, Charyyev S, Wahl N, Liu W, Kang M, Zhou J, Yang X, Baltazar F, Palkowitsch M, Higgins K, Dynan W, Bradley J, Lin L. An Integrated Physical Optimization Framework for Proton Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy FLASH Treatment Planning Allows Dose, Dose Rate, and Linear Energy Transfer Optimization Using Patient-Specific Ridge Filters. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2023 Jul 15; 116 (4):949-959 Epub 2023 Feb 01
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  26. Holmes J, Liu Z, Zhang L, Ding Y, Sio TT, McGee LA, Ashman JB, Li X, Liu T, Shen J, Liu W. Evaluating large language models on a highly-specialized topic, radiation oncology physics. Front Oncol (Accepted). 2023.
  27. Shen J, Robertson DG, Bues M, Shipulin K, Liu W, Stoker J, Ashman JB, Lara P, Keole SR, Wong W, Vora SA. Technical note: Comprehensive evaluations of gantry and couch rotation isocentricities for implementing proton stereotactic radiosurgery. Med Phys. 2023 Jun; 50 (6):3359-3367 Epub 2023 Apr 06
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  28. Laughlin BS, Golafshar M, Prince M, Liu W, Kutyreff CJ, Ahmed SK, Vern Gross TZ, Haddock M, Petersen I, DeWees TA, Ashman JB. Dosimetric comparison between proton beam therapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy, and 3D conformal therapy for soft tissue extremity sarcoma. Acta Oncol. 2023 May; 62 (5):473-479 Epub 2023 May 08
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  29. McMillan MT, Kang M, Shepherd AF, Liu W, Lin L, Lin H, Simone CB. Stereotactic body proton therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical indications and recommendations. J Radiosurg SBRT. 2023; 9 (1):17-32
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  30. Liu Z, Zhang L, Wu Z, Yu X, Cao C, Dai H, Liu N, Liu J, Liu W, Li Q, Shen D, Li X, Zhu D, Liu T. Surviving ChatGPT in healthcare. Front Radiol. 2023; 3:1224682 Epub 2024 Feb 23
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  31. Holmes J, Liu Z, Zhang L, Ding Y, Sio TT, McGee LA, Ashman JB, Li X, Liu T, Shen J, Liu W. Evaluating large language models on a highly-specialized topic, radiation oncology physics. Front Oncol. 2023; 13:1219326 Epub 2023 July 17
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  32. Yang Y, Rwigema JM, Vargas C, Yu NY, Keole SR, Wong WW, Schild SE, Bues M, Liu W, Shen J. Technical note: Investigation of dose and LET(d) effect to rectum and bladder by using non-straight laterals in prostate cancer receiving proton therapy. Med Phys. 2022 Dec; 49 (12):7428-7437 Epub 2022 Oct 18
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  33. Yu NY, DeWees TA, Voss MM, Breen WG, Chiang JS, Ding JX, Daniels TB, Owen D, Olivier KR, Garces YI, Park SS, Sarkaria JN, Yang P, Savvides PS, Ernani V, Liu W, Schild SE, Merrell KW, Sio TT. Cardiopulmonary Toxicity Following Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2022 Dec; 23 (8):e526-e535 Epub 2022 Aug 10
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  34. Shan J, Feng H, Morales DH, Patel SH, Wong WW, Fatyga M, Bues M, Schild SE, Foote RL, Liu W. Virtual particle Monte Carlo: A new concept to avoid simulating secondary particles in proton therapy dose calculation. Med Phys. 2022 Oct; 49 (10):6666-6683 Epub 2022 Aug 22
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  35. Yang Y, Patel SH, Bridhikitti J, Wong WW, Halyard MY, McGee LA, Rwigema JM, Schild SE, Vora SA, Liu T, Bues M, Fatyga M, Foote RL, Liu W. Exploratory study of seed spots analysis to characterize dose and linear-energy-transfer effect in adverse event initialization of pencil-beam-scanning proton therapy. Med Phys. 2022 Sep; 49 (9):6237-6252 Epub 2022 July 21
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  36. Rezayi S, Dai H, Liu Z, Wu Z, Hebbar A, Burns AH, Zhao L, Zhu D, Li X, Li Q, Liu W, Li S, Liu T. ClinicalRadioBERT: knowledge-infused few shot learning for clinical notes named entity recognition. Machine Learning in Medical Imaging. 2022; 269-278.
  37. Liu Z, He M, Jiang Z, Wu Z, Jiang Z, Wu Z, Dai H, Zhang L, Luo S, Han T, Li X, Han T, Jiang X, Zhu D, Cai X, Ge B, Liu W, Liu J, Shen D, Liu T. Survey on natural language processing in medical image analysis. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022 Aug 28; 47 (8):981-993
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  38. Feng H, Patel SH, Wong WW, Younkin JE, Penoncello GP, Morales DH, Stoker JB, Robertson DG, Fatyga M, Bues M, Schild SE, Foote RL, Liu W. GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo-based online adaptive proton therapy: A feasibility study. Med Phys. 2022 Jun; 49 (6):3550-3563 Epub 2022 Apr 27
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  39. Holmes J, Shen J, Shan J, Patrick CL, Wong WW, Foote RL, Patel SH, Bues M, Liu W. Technical note: Evaluation and second check of a commercial Monte Carlo dose engine for small-field apertures in pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Med Phys. 2022 May; 49 (5):3497-3506 Epub 2022 Mar 31
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  40. Knopf AC, Czerska K, Fracchiolla F, Graeff C, Molinelli S, Rinaldi I, Rucincki A, Sterpin E, Stutzer K, Trnkova P, Zhang Y, Chang JY, Giap H, Liu W, Schild SE, Simone CB 2nd, Lomax AJ, Meijers A. Clinical necessity of multi-image based (4DMIB) optimization for targets affected by respiratory motion and treated with scanned particle therapy - A comprehensive review. Radiother Oncol. 2022 Apr; 169:77-85 Epub 2022 Feb 18
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  41. Feng H, Shan J, Anderson JD, Wong WW, Schild SE, Foote RL, Patrick CL, Tinnon KB, Fatyga M, Bues M, Patel SH, Liu W. Per-voxel constraints to minimize hot spots in linear energy transfer-guided robust optimization for base of skull head and neck cancer patients in IMPT. Med Phys. 2022 Jan; 49 (1):632-647 Epub 2021 Dec 10
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  42. Yang Y, Muller OM, Shiraishi S, Harper M, Amundson AC, Wong WW, McGee LA, Rwigema JM, Schild SE, Bues M, Fatyga M, Anderson JD, Patel SH, Foote RL, Liu W. Empirical Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for Mandible Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated With Pencil-Beam-Scanning Proton Therapy (PBSPT): A Retrospective, Case-Matched Cohort Study. Front Oncol. 2022; 12:843175 Epub 2022 Mar 03
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  43. Holmes J, Shen J, Patel SH, Wong WW, Foote RL, Bues M, Liu W. Collimating individual beamlets in pencil beam scanning proton therapy, a dosimetric investigation. Front Oncol. 2022; 12:1031340 Epub 2022 Nov 11
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  44. Ding X, Younkin JE, Shen J, Bues M, Liu W. A critical review of the practices of proton daily quality assurance programs. Ther Radiol Oncol. 2021 Dec; 5:22.
  45. Younkin JE, Robertson DG, Liu W, Hu Y, Morales DH, Bues M, Shen J, Ding X. Technical Note: Long-term monitoring of diode sensitivity degradation induced by proton irradiation. Med Phys. 2021 Nov; 48 (11):6634-6641 Epub 2021 Oct 26
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  46. Kang Y, Shen J, Bues M, Hu Y, Liu W, Ding X. Technical Note: Clinical modeling and validation of breast tissue expander metallic ports in a commercial treatment planning system for proton therapy. Med Phys. 2021 Nov; 48 (11):7512-7525 Epub 2021 Sept 24
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  47. Balagopal A, Morgan H, Dohopolski M, Timmerman R, Shan J, Heitjan DF, Liu W, Nguyen D, Hannan R, Garant A, Desai N, Jiang S. PSA-Net: Deep learning-based physician style-aware segmentation network for postoperative prostate cancer clinical target volumes. Artif Intell Med. 2021 Nov; 121:102195 Epub 2021 Oct 18
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  48. Younkin JE, Morales DH, Shen J, Ding X, Stoker JB, Yu NY, Sio TT, Daniels TB, Bues M, Fatyga M, Schild SE, Liu W. Technical Note: Multiple energy extraction techniques for synchrotron-based proton delivery systems may exacerbate motion interplay effects in lung cancer treatments. Med Phys. 2021 Sep; 48 (9):4812-4823 Epub 2021 July 29
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  49. Feng H, Shan J, Ashman JB, Rule WG, Bhangoo RS, Yu NY, Chiang J, Fatyga M, Wong WW, Schild SE, Sio TT, Liu W. Technical Note: 4D robust optimization in small spot intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for distal esophageal carcinoma. Med Phys. 2021 Aug; 48 (8):4636-4647 Epub 2021 June 24
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  50. Gong H, Tao S, Gagneur JD, Liu W, Shen J, McCollough CH, Hu Y, Leng S. Implementation and experimental evaluation of Mega-voltage fan-beam CT using a linear accelerator. Radiat Oncol. 2021 Jul 28; 16 (1):139 Epub 2021 July 28
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  51. Yang Y, Vargas CE, Bhangoo RS, Wong WW, Schild SE, Daniels TB, Keole SR, Rwigema JM, Glass JL, Shen J, DeWees TA, Liu T, Bues M, Fatyga M, Liu W. Exploratory Investigation of Dose-Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Volume Histogram (DLVH) for Adverse Events Study in Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021 Jul 15; 110 (4):1189-1199 Epub 2021 Feb 20
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  52. Bhangoo RS, Mullikin TC, Ashman JB, Cheng TW, Golafshar MA, DeWees TA, Johnson JE, Shiraishi S, Liu W, Hu Y, Merrell KW, Haddock MG, Krishnan S, Rule WG, Sio TT, Hallemeier CL. Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Initial Clinical Experience. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2021 Jul-Aug; 6 (4):100675 Epub 2021 Mar 02
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  53. Deng W, Yang Y, Liu C, Bues M, Mohan R, Wong WW, Foote RH, Patel SH, Liu W. A Critical Review of LET-Based Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Plan Evaluation and Optimization for Head and Neck Cancer Management. Int J Part Ther. 2021 Summer; 8 (1):36-49 Epub 2021 June 25
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  54. Allred BC, Shan J, Robertson DG, DeWees TA, Shen J, Liu W, Stoker JB. A method for quantitative evaluations of scanning-proton dose distributions. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2021 Apr; 22 (4):193-201 Epub 2021 Mar 29
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  55. Zeng J, Badiyan SN, Garces YI, Wong T, Zhang X, Simone CB 2nd, Chang JY, Knopf AC, Mori S, Iwata H, Meijers A, Li H, Bues M, Liu W, Schild SE, Rengan R, International Particle Therapy Cooperative Group Thoracic Subcommittee. Consensus Statement on Proton Therapy in Mesothelioma. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2021 Mar-Apr; 11 (2):119-133 Epub 2020 May 24
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  56. Hu Y, Ding X, Shen J, Bues M, Liu W, Kang Y, Leng S, Yu L. Feasibility of using megavoltage computed tomography to reduce proton range uncertainty: A simulation study. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2021 Mar; 22 (3):131-140 Epub 2021 Feb 20
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  57. Chiang JS, Yu NY, Daniels TB, Liu W, Schild SE, Sio TT. Proton beam radiotherapy for patients with early-stage and advanced lung cancer: a narrative review with contemporary clinical recommendations. J Thorac Dis. 2021 Feb; 13 (2):1270-1285
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  58. Chuong MD, Hallemeier CL, Li H, Zhu XR, Zhang X, Tryggestad EJ, Yu J, Yang M, Choi JI, Kang M, Liu W, Knopf A, Meijers A, Molitoris JK, Apisarnthanarax S, Giap H, Hoppe BS, Lee P, Chang JY, Simone CB 2nd, Lin SH. Executive Summary of Clinical and Technical Guidelines for Esophageal Cancer Proton Beam Therapy From the Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Subcommittees. Front Oncol. 2021; 11:748331 Epub 2021 Oct 19
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  59. Feng H, Sio TT, Rule WG, Bhangoo RS, Lara P, Patrick CL, Korte S, Fatyga M, Wong WW, Schild SE, Ashman JB, Liu W. Beam angle comparison for distal esophageal carcinoma patients treated with intensity-modulated proton therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2020 Nov; 21 (11):141-152 Epub 2020 Oct 15
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  60. Shan J, Yang Y, Schild SE, Daniels TB, Wong WW, Fatyga M, Bues M, Sio TT, Liu W. Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) interplay effect evaluation of asymmetric breathing with simultaneous uncertainty considerations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Med Phys. 2020 Nov; 47 (11):5428-5440 Epub 2020 Oct 13
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  61. Bhangoo RS, DeWees TA, Yu NY, Ding JX, Liu C, Golafshar MA, Rule WG, Vora SA, Ross HJ, Ahn DH, Beamer SE, Jaroszewski DE, Hallemeier CL, Liu W, Ashman JB, Sio TT. Acute Toxicities and Short-Term Patient Outcomes After Intensity-Modulated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy or Intensity-Modulated Photon Radiation Therapy for Esophageal Carcinoma: A Mayo Clinic Experience. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2020 Sep-Oct; 5 (5):871-879 Epub 2020 May 19
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  62. Deng W, Younkin JE, Souris K, Huang S, Augustine K, Fatyga M, Ding X, Cohilis M, Bues M, Shan J, Stoker J, Lin L, Shen J, Liu W. Technical Note: Integrating an open source Monte Carlo code "MCsquare" for clinical use in intensity-modulated proton therapy. Med Phys. 2020 Jun; 47 (6):2558-2574 Epub 2020 Apr 13
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  63. Liu C, Patel SH, Shan J, Schild SE, Vargas CE, Wong WW, Ding X, Bues M, Liu W. Robust Optimization for Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy to Redistribute High Linear Energy Transfer from Nearby Critical Organs to Tumors in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 May 1; 107 (1):181-193 Epub 2020 Jan 25
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  64. Yu NY, DeWees TA, Liu C, Daniels TB, Ashman JB, Beamer SE, Jaroszewski DE, Ross HJ, Paripati HR, Rwigema JM, Ding JX, Shan J, Liu W, Schild SE, Sio TT. Early Outcomes of Patients With Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: The Mayo Clinic Experience. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2020 May-Jun; 5 (3):450-458 Epub 2019 Aug 21
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  65. Tryggestad EJ, Liu W, Pepin MD, Hallemeier CL, Sio TT. Managing treatment-related uncertainties in proton beam radiotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2020 Feb; 11 (1):212-224
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  66. Deng W, Ding X, Younkin JE, Shen J, Bues M, Schild SE, Patel SH, Liu W. Hybrid 3D analytical linear energy transfer calculation algorithm based on precalculated data from Monte Carlo simulations. Med Phys. 2020 Feb; 47 (2):745-752 Epub 2019 Dec 10
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  67. Shen J, Ding X, Hu Y, Kang Y, Liu W, Deng W, Bues M. Technical Note: Comprehensive evaluation and implementation of two independent methods for beam monitor calibration for proton scanning beam. Med Phys. 2019 Dec; 46 (12):5867-5875 Epub 2019 Oct 31
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  68. Liu C, Yu NY, Shan J, Bhangoo RS, Daniels TB, Chiang JS, Ding X, Lara P, Patrick CL, Archuleta JP, DeWees T, Hu Y, Schild SE, Bues M, Sio TT, Liu W. Technical Note: Treatment planning system (TPS) approximations matter - comparing intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plan quality and robustness between a commercial and an in-house developed TPS for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Med Phys. 2019 Nov; 46 (11):4755-4762 Epub 2019 Sept 21
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  69. Liu C, Bhangoo RS, Sio TT, Yu NY, Shan J, Chiang JS, Ding JX, Rule WG, Korte S, Lara P, Ding X, Bues M, Hu Y, DeWees T, Ashman JB, Liu W. Dosimetric comparison of distal esophageal carcinoma plans for patients treated with small-spot intensity-modulated proton versus volumetric-modulated arc therapies. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2019 Jul; 20 (7):15-27 Epub 2019 May 21
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  70. Kang Y, Shen J, Liu W, Taylor PA, Mehrens HS, Ding X, Hu Y, Tryggestad E, Keole SR, Schild SE, Wong WW, Fatyga M, Bues M. Impact of planned dose reporting methods on Gamma pass rates for IROC lung and liver motion phantoms treated with pencil beam scanning protons. Radiat Oncol. 2019 Jun 17; 14 (1):108 Epub 2019 June 17
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  71. Shan J, Sio TT, Liu C, Schild SE, Bues M, Liu W. A novel and individualized robust optimization method using normalized dose interval volume constraints (NDIVC) for intensity-modulated proton radiotherapy. Med Phys. 2019 Jan; 46 (1):382-393 Epub 2018 Nov 30
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  72. Hernandez Morales D, Shan J, Liu W, Augustine KE, Bues M, Davis MJ, Fatyga M, Johnson JE, Mundy DW, Shen J, Younkin JE, Stoker JB. Automation of routine elements for spot-scanning proton patient-specific quality assurance. Med Phys. 2019 Jan; 46 (1):5-14 Epub 2018 Nov 20
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  73. Wang B, Jiang H, Zhou T, Ma N, Liu W, Wang Y, Zuo L. Expression of ICOSL is associated with decreased survival in invasive breast cancer. PeerJ. 2019; 7:e6903 Epub 2019 May 16
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  74. Younkin JE, Morales DH, Shen J, Shan J, Bues M, Lentz JM, Schild SE, Stoker JB, Ding X, Liu W. Clinical Validation of a Ray-Casting Analytical Dose Engine for Spot Scanning Proton Delivery Systems. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2019 Jan-Dec; 18:1533033819887182
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  75. Unkelbach J, Alber M, Bangert M, Bokrantz R, Chan TCY, Deasy JO, Fredriksson A, Gorissen BL, van Herk M, Liu W, Mahmoudzadeh H, Nohadani O, Siebers JV, Witte M, Xu H. Robust radiotherapy planning. Phys Med Biol. 2018 Nov 12; 63 (22):22TR02
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  76. Liu C, Sio TT, Deng W, Shan J, Daniels TB, Rule WG, Lara PR, Korte SM, Shen J, Ding X, Schild SE, Bues M, Liu W. Small-spot intensity-modulated proton therapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapies for patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A dosimetric comparative study. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2018 Nov; 19 (6):140-148 Epub 2018 Oct 17
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  77. Younkin JE, Bues M, Sio TT, Liu W, Ding X, Keole SR, Stoker JB, Shen J. Multiple energy extraction reduces beam delivery time for a synchrotron-based proton spot-scanning system. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2018 Jul-Sep; 3 (3):412-420 Epub 2018 Feb 23
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  78. Deng W, Liu W, Robertson DG, Bues M, Sio TT, Keole SR, Shen J. Technical Note: Using dual step wedge and 2D scintillator to achieve highly precise and robust proton range quality assurance. Med Phys. 2018 Jul; 45 (7):2947-2951 Epub 2018 May 20
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  79. Liu C, Schild SE, Chang JY, Liao Z, Korte S, Shen J, Ding X, Hu Y, Kang Y, Keole SR, Sio TT, Wong WW, Sahoo N, Bues M, Liu W. Impact of Spot Size and Spacing on the Quality of Robustly Optimized Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Plans for Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Jun 1; 101 (2):479-489 Epub 2018 Feb 14
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  80. Wang R, Zhou T, Liu W, Zuo L. Molecular mechanism of bystander effects and related abscopal/cohort effects in cancer therapy. Oncotarget. 2018 Apr 6; 9 (26):18637-18647 Epub 2018 Apr 06
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  81. Younkin JE, Shen J, Bues M, Robertson DG, Mundy DW, Clouser E, Liu W, Ding X, Stoker JB. Technical Note: An efficient daily QA procedure for proton pencil beam scanning. Med Phys. 2018 Mar; 45 (3):1040-1049 Epub 2018 Feb 19
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  82. Shan J, An Y, Bues M, Schild SE, Liu W. Robust optimization in IMPT using quadratic objective functions to account for the minimum MU constraint. Med Phys. 2018 Jan; 45 (1):460-469 Epub 2017 Dec 05
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