多数蜘蛛咬伤只会造成轻微伤害。少数几种蜘蛛的咬伤可能很危险。

如果出现下列情况,请立即就医:

  • 您被黑寡妇蜘蛛或棕色遁蛛等危险蜘蛛咬伤。
  • 您不确定是否被危险的蜘蛛咬伤。
  • 您感觉剧烈疼痛、胃痉挛或咬伤部位伤口扩大。
  • 呼吸或吞咽困难。
  • 发炎的皮肤区域不断扩大或出现条纹。

蜘蛛咬伤处理:

  • 使用温和的肥皂和水清洗伤口。然后涂上抗生素软膏,每天三次,以帮助预防感染。
  • 用凉布敷在被咬处,每小时 15 分钟。用干净的布沾水或裹上冰块。这有助于缓解疼痛和肿胀。
  • 如有可能,抬高患处。
  • 如果需要,可服用非处方止痛药。
  • 抗组胺类药物可缓解伤口发痒。例如苯海拉明或西替利嗪。或者试试炉甘石洗剂或类固醇药膏。

对于疼痛和肌痉挛,医务人员可能会开止痛药、肌肉松弛剂或两者兼用。可能还需要注射破伤风疫苗。

When to seek emergency help

Seek medical care right away if:

  • You were bitten by a dangerous spider, such as a black widow or a brown recluse.
  • You're unsure if the bite was from a dangerous spider.
  • You have severe pain, stomach cramping or a growing wound at the bite site.
  • You're having problems breathing or swallowing.
  • The area of inflamed skin is spreading or has streaks.

Treatment

To take care of a spider bite:

  • Clean the wound with mild soap and water. Then apply an antibiotic ointment three times a day to help prevent infection.
  • Apply a cool cloth over the bite for 15 minutes each hour. Use a clean cloth dampened with water or filled with ice. This helps reduce pain and swelling.
  • If possible, raise the affected area.
  • Take a nonprescription pain reliever as needed.
  • If the wound is itchy, an antihistamine might help. Examples are diphenhydramine or cetirizine. Or try calamine lotion or a steroid cream.

For pain and muscle spasms, your healthcare professional might prescribe pain medicine, muscle relaxants or both. You might also need a tetanus shot.

黑寡妇蜘蛛

您通常可以通过黑寡妇蜘蛛腹部的红色沙漏形斑纹来对其进行识别。在美国,这种蜘蛛在南方更为常见。在欧洲也有分布。

黑寡妇蜘蛛咬伤的症状可包括:

  • 皮肤发炎、疼痛和肿胀。
  • 重度胃痛或痛性痉挛。
  • 恶心、呕吐、颤抖或出汗。

棕色隐遁蛛

棕色遁蛛的背部有一个小提琴形状的标记,但这个标记可能难以辨认。这种蜘蛛常见于美国南部和南美洲,这些地方将其称为棕色蜘蛛。

被棕色遁蛛咬伤的症状包括:

  • 起初是轻微的疼痛。
  • 发热、寒战和身体疼痛。
  • 出现中心呈蓝色或紫色的疮,外周有环。
April 30, 2024