非定向活供体移植
非指定性活体捐赠者是指捐献器官的生者，没有指定或约定好的接受者。器官是无偿捐赠的，不期望回报，捐赠者和移植接受者之间也没有联系。
非指定性捐赠者也被称为好心人或利他捐赠者。移植接受者取决于医疗兼容性和实际需要。
非定向活体捐献者也可以参与配对器官捐献或器官捐献链配对，帮助不相容组进行配对。这一过程通常会产生一连串的移植活动，多个候选人将从非指定性捐赠者的捐赠中受益。
目的
近年来，非定向的活体器官捐献者对于满足对器官移植的日益增长的需求变得越来越重要，解决了已故捐赠者可用器官供不应求的问题。
非定向活体器官捐献者通常对于将几对不相容的捐献者和接受者连接起来以形成捐赠链至关重要。
像其他类型的活体器官移植一样，非定向活体器官移植为捐赠接受者带来了很多好处，包括缩短了等待时间、由于等待时间短而减少了移植前的并发症以及提高了移植后的存活率。
风险
Most living donors make a full recovery. However, organ donation has risks. The risks are different for each person and can be minor or serious. Serious risks can be immediate, short-term or long-term. If you wish to donate an organ, your health care professional can explain your risks.
Immediate risks
Risks that are present during or right after surgery are called immediate risks. Some immediate risks, such as infection, can be fatal. Other possible immediate risks of nondirected living organ donation are:
- Pain.
- Bleeding.
- Blood clots.
- Tissue or organ injury.
- Pneumonia.
Short-term risks
Short-term risks are present within a year or so after surgery. The short-term risks of nondirected living organ donation differ depending on the type of organ you donate. Your transplant team can explain the possible short-term risks of your procedure.
Long-term risks
Long-term risks are present anytime during life. Overall, long-term risks are few for living donors who are healthy. However, not every possible long-term risk is known, and each person's experience is different.
Some possible long-term risks of nondirected living organ donation are organ failure and mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. You can lower your long-term risks by practicing healthy habits and seeing your transplant team and family healthcare professional for regular checkups.
如何进行准备
Becoming a nondirected living donor is an important decision. You should not feel pressured to donate, and you can change your mind at any time.
Together, you and your care team at the transplant center decide whether living donation is right for you. To do this, the care team runs tests to make sure you are healthy enough to donate. They also talk with you about the benefits and risks of organ donation and may ask you about your reasons for donating, your support network and your financial situation.
Making an informed decision
It's important that you learn as much as you can about nondirected living-donor transplant before becoming a donor. Some things you can do are:
- Read as much as you can about your procedure. Knowing what to expect before and after organ donation can help you feel more prepared.
- Talk with your primary healthcare professional. Ask about all the possible risks and benefits of donation. If you have chosen a transplant center, you also can ask your care team to answer questions.
- Join a support group or connect with other living donors. It can be comforting to talk with others who are considering organ donation or who have donated. It also can help you learn what to expect.
Choosing a transplant center
You may choose a transplant center, or your healthcare professional may help you choose one. Your insurance company also may have a list of preferred centers.
When choosing a transplant center, some things to think about are:
- Statistics. Check how many transplants the center does each year, including the number and type of transplant. You also can compare transplant center statistics through the database maintained by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients.
- Survival rates. Consider the transplant center's survival rates for both organ donors and recipients.
- Technology and techniques. These give you information about the center's efforts to innovate and can show if the program is growing.
- Support services. Many transplant centers offer support and resources, such as support groups, travel accommodations, financial resources and lodging for recovery.
可能出现的情况
在成为非定向活体器官捐献者之前，移植中心将评估捐献者的整体健康状况，并进行多项检查，以确定其作为活体器官捐献者的资格。
绝大多数非定向活体器官捐献涉及单肾的捐献。作为非定向活体器官捐献者，可以捐献一部分肝脏，但这种情况极为罕见，因为这种手术可能会给捐献者带来风险。
一旦被批准为捐献者，将安排手术，器官将通过已建立的器官分配系统进行分配。
捐献的器官将根据几个因素与移植候选人匹配，包括器官兼容性、医疗需求和等候名单状态。
如果移植中心的政策允许，并且受者同意，捐献者可以选择与受者会面，也可以保持匿名。
结果
After your organ donation, it may take you a few days or weeks to get back to your typical routine. Recovery time can be different for each person, so be sure to have help from friends or family if needed.
You'll also need to schedule follow-up visits with your transplant team after you donate. Regular checkups help you and your healthcare team know how you're healing and whether you're healthy.
Most organ donors are happy with their decision to donate. But sometimes, organ donors may feel sad or regretful. If this happens to you, ask your transplant team for additional resources or support.