概述
癌症治疗是利用手术、放射、药物和其他疗法来治愈癌症、缩小癌症或阻止癌症发展。
有许多种癌症治疗方法。根据具体情况,患者可能会接受一种治疗方法,也可能需要多种治疗方法的组合。
目的
癌症治疗的目标是治愈您的癌症,让您过上正常的生活。癌症能否治愈还要取决于您的具体情况。即使无法治愈,治疗也可能有助于缩小肿瘤或减缓其生长,让您尽可能长时间无症状地生活。
癌症治疗可以用作:
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主要治疗。主要治疗的目标是完全清除体内的癌症或杀死所有癌细胞。
任何癌症治疗都可以用作主要治疗方法,但是对于最常见的癌症类型,最常见的初级癌症治疗方法仍然是手术。如果您的癌症对放疗或化疗特别敏感,您可以接受其中一种治疗作为主要疗法。
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辅助治疗。辅助治疗的目的是杀死主要治疗后残留的癌细胞,以减少癌症复发的机会。
任何癌症治疗都可以作为辅助治疗。常用的辅助治疗包括化疗、放射疗法和激素治疗。
新辅助疗法与之相似,但是在主要治疗之前使用该治疗方法是为了使主要治疗更容易或更有效。
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姑息治疗。姑息治疗可能有助于减轻治疗的副作用或癌症本身引起的体征和症状。手术、放射疗法、化疗和激素治疗均可用于缓解症状。其他药物可能会缓解疼痛和气短等症状。
姑息治疗可以和其他癌症疗法同时使用。
风险
Cancer treatments can cause side effects. The side effects depend on the type of treatment you receive. Your healthcare team knows which side effects are likely with your treatment. They are prepared to treat and control the side effects. Their goal is to keep you comfortable during treatment.
Talk to your healthcare team before your treatment starts to understand what to expect. Also ask how you can prepare for side effects.
如何进行准备
To prepare for cancer treatment, take time to understand what you can expect. You may wish to:
- Talk with your healthcare team about your treatment options. Write down your questions before your appointments. Bring someone along who can help listen and take notes.
- Think about getting a second opinion about your treatment plan from another healthcare professional before starting treatment.
- Talk with other people who have cancer through support groups in person or online. They can share support and advice about treatment and side effects. Ask your healthcare team about support groups in your area.
- Get support from professionals who are trained in helping people with cancer. Ask your healthcare team to connect you to a counseling professional who can offer support, such as a psychologist or a social worker.
- Prepare your body for cancer treatment. Ask your healthcare team about services that can help with this, such as nutritional counseling and fitness classes.
可能出现的情况
有许多癌症治疗方法可供选择。您的治疗方案将取决于几个因素,例如癌症的类型和分期,您的总体健康状况以及您的喜好。您和您的医生可以一起权衡每种癌症治疗的益处和风险,以确定最适合您的治疗方法。
癌症治疗方案包括:
根据您的癌症类型,可能采用其他的治疗方法。
结果
During and after your treatment, your healthcare team monitors your results. You may meet with your team regularly to discuss progress. Tell your healthcare team about any treatment side effects or cancer symptoms you have. Bring a list of questions you want to ask. It may help to bring a friend or family member with you to help listen and take notes.