阴道分泌物(白带)由液体和细胞构成。阴道全天都会流出分泌物。
正常的分泌物有助于保持阴道健康清洁。通过保持组织湿润,分泌物能够使阴道免受感染和刺激。阴道分泌物有时会看起来不同。可能呈白色黏稠状,也可能透明稀薄。这些变化往往取决于您处于哪个月经周期。分泌的量、颜色、浓稠度都有所变化也很常见。
但是,阴道分泌物有时可能是身体出现问题的症状。您可能会有气味难闻或者看起来不常见的分泌物。或者您可能会感觉瘙痒或疼痛。如果有上述情况,请咨询医务人员,了解您是否需要进行分泌物检查。
酵母菌感染、细菌性阴道病和绝经都可能改变阴道分泌物。这些病症可能令人感到不适,治疗有所助益。
有时,分泌物变化可能是较为严重问题的症状。有些性传播感染(STI)可能导致阴道分泌物变化。STI 可能危及您和他人的身体健康。因此,了解自己是否患有 STI 很有必要。
褐色或带血的阴道分泌物可能是宫颈癌的体征,但这种情况较为罕见。
如果有以下情况,请安排就诊:
- 阴道分泌物呈绿色、呈黄色、浓稠或呈奶酪状。
- 阴道异味浓烈。
- 阴道或外阴(阴道和尿道周围的皮肤)发痒、有灼热感或刺激感。您可能注意到这些组织的颜色发生改变。可能发红、发紫或发棕,具体取决于肤色。
- 经期外出血或点滴出血。
居家自我护理:
- 如果您认为自己出现酵母菌感染,,可尝试使用非处方抗真菌乳膏(Monistat、M-Zole、Mycelex)。但最好先确认感染,然后再实施自我护理。人们经常将其他问题误认为是酵母菌感染。如不确定,务必先寻求护理。
- 仅用温水清洗外阴。请勿清洗阴道内部。然后,用棉毛巾轻轻吸干水分。请勿使用带香味的肥皂、卫生纸、卫生棉条或灌洗剂。这些产品可能会加重不适和分泌物异常。
- 穿棉质内衣和宽松衣服。避免穿紧身裤或没有棉质裤裆的连裤袜。
- 如果阴道干燥,可尝试使用非处方乳膏或凝胶来增加湿度。
- 如果症状没有消失,请就医。您可能需要尝试其他治疗方法。
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June 17, 2023Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/symptoms/vaginal-discharge/basics/definition/sym-20050825