睾丸疼痛是在一侧或两侧睾丸内或其周围发生的疼痛。有时疼痛始于腹股沟或腹部并在一侧或两侧睾丸内感到疼痛。这种疼痛被称为牵涉痛。
很多因素都可能导致睾丸疼痛。睾丸非常敏感。即使是轻伤也会造成睾丸疼痛。疼痛可能来自睾丸本身。也可能是由盘曲小管或睾丸后面的支撑组织（称为附睾）引起。
有时，看起来是睾丸疼痛，实际上是由腹股沟、腹部或其他部位的问题引起的。例如，肾结石和某些疝气会引起睾丸疼痛。有时候，睾丸疼痛的原因无迹可寻。您可能听说过这种病，称为特发性睾丸疼痛。
突发性严重睾丸疼痛可能是睾丸扭转的症状，发生扭转的睾丸可能会迅速失去供血。这种状况称为睾丸扭转。需要立即接受治疗以防止失去睾丸。睾丸扭转可发生于任何年龄段，但多见于青少年。
如果出现下列情况，请立即就医：
- 突发性严重睾丸疼痛。
- 睾丸疼痛，伴有恶心、发热、寒战或尿血。
如果出现以下情况，请与医疗护理专业人员约诊：
- 轻度睾丸疼痛持续超过数天。
- 睾丸内或其周围有肿块或感觉肿胀。
自我护理
以下措施可以帮助缓解轻度睾丸疼痛：
- 服用止痛药，比如阿司匹林、布洛芬（Advil、Motrin IB 等）和对乙酰氨基酚（Tylenol 等）。您可以照此处理，除非医疗护理团队另有说明。儿童或青少年应慎用阿司匹林。阿司匹林获准用于 3 岁以上儿童。不过，正在从水痘或流感样症状中康复的儿童和青少年不宜服用阿司匹林。这是因为对于这些儿童而言，阿司匹林与瑞氏综合征这种罕见但严重的医疗状况存在关联。可能会危及生命。
- 用运动护具支撑阴囊。躺下的时候用一条叠起的毛巾支撑和抬高阴囊。还可以敷冰袋或毛巾包裹的冰块。
显示参考文献
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Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/symptoms/testicle-pain/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050942