麻木感是指身体某一部分失去感觉。麻木感还常用于描述其他感觉变化,例如灼热感或针扎感。麻木感可能沿着身体一侧的单条神经出现。或者麻木感可能在身体两侧出现。无力通常由其他医疗状况引起,常被误认为是麻木感。
麻木感由神经损伤、刺激或压迫引起。可能有单条神经分支或多条神经受到影响。示例包括背部的椎间盘突出或手腕部的腕管综合征。某些疾病(如糖尿病)或毒素(如化疗或酒精)可能损伤更长、更敏感的神经纤维。其中包括通往脚部的神经纤维。损伤可能导致麻木。
麻木感通常会影响大脑和脊髓外的神经。当这些神经受到影响时,可能导致手臂、腿部、手部和脚部没有感觉。
麻木感本身或与疼痛或其他不适感相关的麻木感通常与危及生命的疾病(如卒中或肿瘤)无关。
医生需要关于您症状的详细信息,以诊断您出现麻木感的病因。在开始治疗之前,可能需要各种检查来确认病因。
导致麻木感可能的病因包括:
麻木感的原因可能繁多。大多数无害,但有些可能危及生命。
如果您的麻木感属以下情况,请拨打 911 或寻求紧急救助:
- 骤起。
- 随最近头部受伤而至。
- 影响整条手臂或腿部。
如果您的麻木感伴有以下情况,也请寻求急救医疗护理:
- 无力或瘫痪。
- 意识模糊。
- 说话困难。
- 感觉头晕。
- 突然剧烈头痛。
如果出现以下情况,您可能需要接受 CT 扫描或 MRI:
- 您曾头部受过伤。
- 您的医生怀疑脑肿瘤或卒中或需要排除之。
如果您的麻木感属下列情况,请安排就医:
- 逐渐开始或加重。
- 影响身体两侧。
- 反复出现。
- 似乎与某些任务或活动有关,尤其是重复动作。
- 只影响肢体的一部分,例如脚趾或手指。
显示参考文献
- Numbness. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/symptoms-of-neurologic-disorders/numbness#. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/stroke#. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Jankovic J, et al., eds. Disorders of peripheral nerves. In: Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Raynaud's phenomenon. American College of Rheumatology. https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Raynauds-Phenomenon. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Numbness or tingling. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/MS-Symptoms/Numbness. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Neuropathy. American Diabetes Association. https://diabetes.org/diabetes/neuropathy. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Cerebral aneurysms. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebral-aneurysms?search-term=cerebral%20aneurysm#. Accessed March 31, 2023
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arteriovenous-malformations-avms?search-term=arteriovenous#. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Briemberg HR, et al. Approach to the patient with sensory loss. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Park JK, et al. Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Amyloidosis. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/amyloidosis/amyloidosis?query=amyloidosis#. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Brain tumor. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/brain-tumor/view-all. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Spinal trauma. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries_poisoning/spinal_trauma/spinal_trauma.html. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Spinal tumors. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spinal-Tumors/. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Brachial plexus injuries. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Ferri FF. Frostbite. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2023. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Symptoms overview. National Fabry Disease Foundation. https://www.fabrydisease.org/index.php/about-fabry-disease/fabry-disease-symptoms-overview. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Fabry disease. National Kidney Foundation. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/fabry. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Shingles. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/shingles#:~:text=Most%20cases%20of%20shingles%20last,a%20red%20rash%20will%20appear. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Burke CR. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 31, 2023.
July 29, 2023Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/symptoms/numbness/basics/causes/sym-20050938