嗅觉丧失会影响生活的很多方面。没有良好的嗅觉,食物可能变得索然无味。可能会难以区分食物。
丧失部分嗅觉称之为嗅觉减退。丧失全部嗅觉称之为嗅觉缺失症。丧失嗅觉可能是短期或长期的,取决于具体病因。
即使是失去部分嗅觉也会导致对饮食失去兴趣。不进食就会导致减重、营养不良甚或是抑郁。
嗅觉可以警告人们存在的危险(例如烟雾或变质的食物)。
感冒引起的鼻塞是短暂丧失部分嗅觉的常见原因。鼻息肉或鼻内肿胀可导致嗅觉丧失。衰老也可能导致嗅觉丧失,尤其是在 60 岁以后。
由感冒、过敏或鼻窦感染引起的嗅觉丧失一般会在几天或几周后自行消退。如果未消退,请与医生约诊,以排除较为严重的医疗状况。
嗅觉丧失有时可以治疗,具体取决于病因。例如,抗生素可以治疗细菌感染。此外,或许也可能清除造成鼻内堵塞的物质。但有时候,嗅觉丧失可能伴随一生。
显示参考文献
- Ferri FF. T-differential diagnosis. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2023. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 6, 2023.
- Smell disorders. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/smell-disorders. Accessed April 6, 2023.
- Lalwani AK. Olfactory dysfunction. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology — Head & Neck Surgery. 4th ed. McGraw Hill; 2020. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed April 6, 2023.
- Lafreniere D. Taste and olfactory disorders in adults: Anatomy and etiology. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 7, 2023.
- Anosmia. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-nasal-and-pharyngeal-symptoms/anosmia. Accessed April 6, 2023.
March 01, 2024Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/symptoms/loss-of-smell/basics/causes/sym-20050804