腿痛可能持续发作,或者时好时坏。腿痛可能会突然发作,或一段时间后加重。腿痛可能影响到整条腿,也可能局限于特定部位,如胫部或膝盖。腿痛可能在特定时间有所加重,例如夜间或清晨起床时。腿痛可能在活动时加重,休息后则有所缓解。腿痛可能如同刀割、锐痛、钝痛、酸痛或刺痛。
有些腿痛只是令人觉得有些麻烦,但更严重的腿痛可能会影响行走或增加腿部负重。
如果出现以下情况,请立即寻求医疗救助或前往急诊室:
- 腿部受伤,伤口很深或骨头或肌腱外露。
- 无法行走或腿部不能负重。
- 小腿疼痛、肿胀、发红或温热。
- 腿部受伤时听到破裂声或摩擦声。
如果出现以下情况,请尽快就医:
- 感染症状,如发红、温热或压痛,或发热超过 37.8 摄氏度(100 华氏度)。
- 一侧腿肿胀、苍白或异常发冷。
- 小腿肚疼痛,尤其久坐后,如长途汽车旅行或坐飞机后。
- 双腿肿胀伴呼吸问题。
- 任何没有明显原因的严重腿部症状。
如果您出现以下情况,请与医务人员约诊:
- 行走期间或之后疼痛。
- 双腿肿胀。
- 疼痛加重。
- 居家治疗数天后,症状无改善。
- 痛性静脉曲张。
自我护理
轻度腿痛通常居家治疗后会有好转。为缓解轻度疼痛和肿胀,可采取以下做法:
- 尽量不触碰腿部。然后按照医务人员的建议开始轻度使用和拉伸。
- 坐着或躺着时,将腿抬高。
- 将一个冰袋或一袋冰冻豌豆置于疼痛部位上 15 分钟至 20 分钟,一天三次。
尝试使用非处方止痛药。乳膏、贴片和凝胶等外用皮肤产品可能会有帮助。例如含薄荷醇、利多卡因的产品或含双氯芬酸钠的产品(Voltaren Arthritis Pain)。此外,还可尝试使用口服止痛药,如对乙酰氨基酚(Tylenol 等)、布洛芬(Advil、Motrin IB 等)或萘普生钠(Aleve)。
显示参考文献
- Exercise-induced leg pain. American College of Sports Medicine. https://www.acsm.org/education-resources/trending-topics-resources/resource-library/detail?id=9afdebdb-d3f5-4ccc-9fcc-0d8ec19acf14. Accessed Jan. 19, 2023.
- Seller RH, et al. Pain in the lower extremity in adults. In: Differential Diagnosis of Common Complaints. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 19, 2023.
- Ferri FF. L ⸺ Differential diagnosis. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2023. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 19, 2023.
- Mcgee DJ, et al., eds. Lower leg, ankle and foot. In: Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Jankovic J, et al., eds. Lower back and lower limb pain. In: Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Adams GA, et al. Leg pain. In: On Call Surgery. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Seller RH, et al. Pain in the lower extremity and limping in children. In: Differential Diagnosis of Common Complaints. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Achilles tendinitis. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/sports-injury/achilles-tendinitis#. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Pediatric physeal (growth plate) fractures. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/fractures/pediatric-physeal-growth-plate-fractures#. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Sports injuries. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/sports-injuries. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Paget's disease of bone. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/pagets-disease-bone. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Reactive arthritis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/reactive-arthritis. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Winkelman JW. Nocturnal leg cramps. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Sprains, strains and tears. American College of Sports Medicine. https://www.acsm.org/education-resources/trending-topics-resources/resource-library/detail?id=507f1a5e-08b0-41d6-b4ba-433cd4f34084. Accessed Jan. 20, 2023.
- Inflammatory myopathies fact sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/inflammatory-myopathies-fact-sheet#. Accessed Jan. 25, 2023.
- Restless leg syndrome fact sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/restless-legs-syndrome-fact-sheet#. Accessed Jan. 25, 2023.
- Takahashi PY (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Jan. 25, 2023.
April 25, 2023Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/symptoms/leg-pain/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050784