美国食品药品管理局（FDA）发现，乳房植入物与间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）这种罕见免疫系统癌症之间可能存在联系。当这种癌症与乳房植入物有关时，它被称为“与乳房植入物相关的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（BIA-ALCL）”。FDA 认为，使用表面有纹理的乳房假体的女性患 BIA-ALCL 的风险非常低，但仍略有增加。尚需进一步的研究来了解这种医疗状况和乳房假体之间的关系。
ALCL 是一种可能发生在身体任何部位的癌症，最常见的是淋巴结和皮肤。BIA-ALCL 是 ALCL 的一个亚型，通常发生在乳房植入物周围的疤痕组织中，而不是乳房本身中。治疗方案包括手术取出植入物和切除肿瘤。有时需要化疗和放射疗法。如果发现时处于早期，BIA-ALCL 通常可以治愈。
研究人员尚未确定生理盐水或硅胶填充的植入物是否带来患 BIA-ALCL 的风险。但带有表面有纹理的硅酮和聚氨酯外壳的植入物似乎带来的风险最高。2019 年，FDA 要求生产商 Allergan 从美国市场召回其特定型号的有纹理的乳房植入物，原因是存在引发 BIA-ALCL 的风险。其他植入物生产商继续生产表面有纹理的乳房植入物。
乳房植入物与癌症之间的任何关联都令人担忧。但正确看待潜在的风险至关重要。如果您有乳房植入物，这些发现并不意味着您需要取出该植入物或改变与乳房植入物有关的治疗计划。请联系医疗服务提供者进行常规检查。及时告知医疗服务提供者您出现的任何体征或症状，如新发或持续存在的乳房肿胀、肿块、疼痛或乳房形状改变。医疗服务提供者可能建议进行乳房成像检查，如乳房 MRI 或乳腺超声检查，以评估新的症状。
如您正在考虑植入乳房植入物，请咨询医疗服务提供者相关风险和益处。
显示参考文献
- Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/productsandmedicalprocedures/implantsandprosthetics/breastimplants/ucm239995.htm. Accessed May 31, 2018.
- AskMayoExpert. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (adult). Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018.
- What patients need to know: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). The American Society of Plastic Surgeons. https://www.plasticsurgery.org/for-medical-professionals/health-policy/bia-alcl-physician-resources. Accessed May 31, 2018.
- Clemens MW, et al. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed July 20, 2022.
- Nguyen MD (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Accessed March 15, 2019.
- Collett DJ, et al. Current risk estimate of breast implant — Associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma in textured breast implants. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2019;143:30s.
- FDA takes action to protect patients from risk of certain textured breast implants; requests Allergan voluntarily recall certain breast implants and tissue expanders from market. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-action-protect-patients-risk-certain-textured-breast-implants-requests-allergan. Accessed July 25, 2019.
- Questions and answers about breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/breast-implants/questions-and-answers-about-breast-implant-associated-anaplastic-large-cell-lymphoma-bia-alcl. Accessed Aug. 17, 2020.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/expert-answers/breast-implants-and-cancer/faq-20057774