婴儿便秘并不常见。但以下体征可能提示婴儿出现便秘:
- 大便干硬或呈颗粒状
- 排便时看起来痛苦或难以进行,导致婴儿拱背或哭泣,且排出的大便干硬
- 排便次数很少或少于往常
如果新生儿似乎出现便秘,请咨询医疗服务提供者。但谨记,婴儿的排便频率取决于年龄和饮食。纯母乳喂养的婴儿几天不排便属于正常现象。
用力排便不一定是婴儿便秘的体征。婴儿的腹部肌肉无力,排便期间通常会绷紧。如果在绷紧几分钟后,宝宝排出软便,则不太可能是婴儿便秘。
婴儿便秘通常始于宝宝开始进食固体食物时。如果宝宝有便秘迹象,通常只需考虑改变宝宝的饮食:
- 喂适量水或果汁。除日常喂食之外,还应给宝宝喂少量水,或者每天喂一次纯苹果汁、西梅汁或梨汁。这些果汁含有山梨糖醇,一种作用类似泻药的甜味物质。从 60 到 120 毫升(约 2 到 4 盎司)开始,通过不断尝试确定需要增量还是减量。
- 婴儿食品。如果宝宝进食固体食物,可尝试纤维含量高于其他水果和蔬菜的豌豆泥或西梅泥。喂食纤维含量高于大米麦片的全麦、大麦或多谷物麦片。
如果改变宝宝饮食几天后,宝宝仍然排便不畅、大便干硬,请向医疗服务提供者咨询婴儿甘油栓剂是否会有帮助。甘油栓剂只能偶尔使用。请勿使用矿物油、刺激性泻剂或灌肠剂治疗婴儿便秘。
极少数情况下,婴儿便秘是由先天性巨结肠、甲状腺功能减退症或囊性纤维化等基础状况引起的。如果改变饮食后,婴儿便秘仍持续存在或伴有其他体征或症状(如呕吐或虚弱),请联系医疗服务提供者。
显示参考文献
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Dec. 15, 2022Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/infant-constipation/faq-20058519