消极对抗行为是一种间接表达消极感受而非开放解决这些感受的模式。具有消极对抗行为的人会出现说话和做事不一致的情况。
例如,具有消极对抗行为的人可能会对另一个人的请求表现出同意(甚至是热情同意),但并不会服从要求,可能通过不作为或错过截止日期来表达愤怒或怨恨。
消极对抗行为的具体表现包括:
- 怨恨和反对他人的要求,尤其是处于主导地位者的要求
- 以拒绝合作、拖延和故意出错的方式来应对他人的要求
- 抱着愤世嫉俗、阴沉或敌对的态度
- 经常抱怨不被赏识或被欺骗
虽然消极对抗行为可能是各种心理健康问题的特征,但并未被视为明显的心理疾病。不过,消极对抗行为会干扰人际关系,从而对职业造成困难。如果您正在与消极对抗行为作斗争或者您认为您所爱之人正处于此类境况中,可考虑咨询治疗师。
显示参考文献
- Skodol A, et al. Approaches to the therapeutic relationship in patients with personality disorders. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 11, 2021.
- Roberts LW, et al. Personality pathology and personality disorders. In: The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry; 7th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing; 2019. https://psychiatryonline.org. Accessed Nov. 11, 2021.
- Laverdiere O, et al. Interpersonal problems associated with passive-aggressive personality disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 2019; doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001044.
- Sadock BJ, et al., eds. Personality disorders. In: Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 10th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2017. https://ovidsp.ovid.com. Accessed Nov. 11, 2021.
March 27, 2024Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/passive-aggressive-behavior/faq-20057901