电灼伤可能由多种电源引起,如闪电、电击枪和工作场所或家庭用电。
轻度皮肤电灼伤与其他轻度烧伤的处理方式相同。在伤处敷一块冷湿巾。不要弄破水疱。轻轻清洁皮肤后,在伤处缠上绷带。如果您想知道灼伤的严重程度,请联系医务人员。
何时与医生联系
人触电受伤后应就医。其损伤程度可能比所能看到的皮肤灼伤更为严重。有时电损伤可能会导致皮肤、肌肉、血管和神经损伤,通常是手臂或腿部。心脏、大脑及其他身体器官可能受到损伤。
注意事项
- 不要触碰仍接触电流的伤者。
- 如果烧伤源是高压电线或闪电,请拨打 911 或当地急救电话。切忌在切断电源前靠近高压电线。高架电线通常不绝缘。请至少保持约 15 米(50 英尺)的距离,如果电线弹跳并溅出火花,应保持更远的距离。
- 不要从倒塌的电线上方驶过。如果有带电的电线接触到您所乘坐的车辆,请待在车里。拨打 911 或当地急救电话帮忙切断电源,在这之前不要触摸任何金属或尝试离开车辆。
- 除非电损伤人员有紧急危险,否则请勿移动伤者。
何时寻求急救护理
如果受伤者出现以下情况,请拨打 911 或当地急救电话:
- 重度烧伤
- 意识错乱
- 呼吸困难
- 心律不齐(心律失常)
- 没有脉搏和呼吸(心脏停搏)
- 肌肉疼痛和收缩
- 癫痫发作
- 失去意识
等待医疗救助时,应立即采取以下措施:
- 如有可能,关闭电源。如果无法关闭电源,则将电源从您和伤者身上移开,注意要用纸板、塑料或木头制成的干燥、不导电的物体。
- 如果伤者没有呼吸、咳嗽或活动和脉搏,请实施心肺复苏。
- 不要脱掉衣服或试图清洁烧伤部位。用无菌纱布绷带(如有)或干净的布或被单覆盖烧伤部位。请勿使用毯子或毛巾,因为绒毛或松散纤维会粘在烧伤部位。
- 尽量防止受伤者受冻。
显示参考文献
- Burns. American College of Emergency Physicians. https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/burns. Accessed May 17, 2022.
- Electrical shock. American College of Emergency Physicians. https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/electrical-shock. Accessed May 17, 2022.
- Electrical injuries. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries/electrical-injuries. Accessed May 17, 2022.
- International Society for Burn Injury. ISBI practice guidelines for burn care, Part 2. Burns. 2018; doi:10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.012.
- Ferri FF. Electrical and lightening injury. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 17, 2022.
- Pinto DS, et al. Environmental and weapon-related electrical injuries. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed May 17, 2022.
- Natural disasters and severe weather. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/poweroutage/needtoknow.html. Accessed May 19, 2022.
- Hoecker JL (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. June 25, 2022.
- Working safely around downed electrical wires. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/publications/bytopic/electrical. Accessed June 29, 2022.
Dec. 22, 2022Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/first-aid/first-aid-electrical-burns/basics/art-20056687