脱位是一种损伤，是指骨头末端被迫离开正常位置。通常是跌倒、车祸或者接触碰撞或高速体育运动导致的创伤所致。
脱位通常发生在身体较大的关节。成人最常见的损伤点是肩膀。儿童则是肘部。如果您的拇指和其他手指错误地用力弯曲也容易受伤。
损伤会造成短暂变形且关节无法移动，可能导致突发性剧烈疼痛和肿胀。脱位需要即时就医，将骨头接回正确位置。
如果您认为自己有关节脱位：
- 不要延迟就医。立即就医。
- 不要活动关节。在您接受救治前用夹板固定受影响的关节。切忌活动错位脱位或强力归位。这么做有损关节及其周围肌肉、韧带、神经或血管。
- 损伤关节冰敷。这么做能控制内部出血以及液体在损伤关节内部和周边堆积，有助于消肿。
The injury will deform the joint and make it hard to move. Dislocation might cause sudden and severe pain and swelling. A dislocation needs prompt medical attention to put the bones back in place.
If you believe you have dislocated a joint:
- Don't put off medical care. Get medical help as soon as you can.
- Don't move the joint. Until you get help, use a splint to keep the affected joint from moving. Don't try to move a dislocated joint or force it back into place. This can damage the joint and the muscles, ligaments, nerves or blood vessels around it.
- Put ice on the injured joint. This can help reduce swelling. Ice can control bleeding inside the body and keep fluids from building up in and around the injured joint.
显示参考文献
- Hip dislocation. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/hip-dislocation. Accessed Sept. 8, 2023.
- Dislocated shoulder. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/dislocated-shoulder. Accessed Sept. 8, 2023.
- Overview of dislocations. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/dislocations/overview-of-dislocations?query=dislocations#. Accessed Sept. 8, 2023.
- Roberts JR, et al., eds. Management of common dislocations. In: Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Sept. 11, 2023.
- Hyvonen H, et al. Recent trends in children's elbow dislocation with or without a concomitant fracture. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2019; doi:10.1186/s12891-019-2651-8.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/first-aid/first-aid-dislocation/basics/art-20056693