如何降低患湿性老年性黄斑变性的风险？

我的母亲最近被诊断出患有湿性老年性黄斑变性。我能做些什么降低自己的风险？

湿性老年性黄斑变性是一种可能对中心视力产生显著影响的眼疾，这种状况确实受遗传（即基因）因素影响。由于您的家人患有该病，您的患病风险确实因此升高。尽管您无法控制自己的基因，但可以采取其他措施来降低风险。

如果您吸烟，戒烟是降低患黄斑变性风险的最重要措施。如果您不吸烟，切勿开始吸烟。暴露于香烟烟雾可导致黄斑变性风险翻倍。

好消息是，如果您吸烟但戒除，或许仍然能够逐渐降低患病风险。一些研究显示，坚持戒烟 20 年后，既往吸烟者患老年性黄斑变性的风险与从未吸烟者相差无几。

以下措施也有助于降低患黄斑变性的风险：

询问眼科医生您应该多久做一次眼科检查。常规的散瞳眼科检查可发现黄斑变性的早期症状，以便您与医生讨论保持视力的措施。医生可能建议您在检查间隔期间使用某些自我评估工具来跟踪和识别中心视力的变化。

With

Kevin D. Chodnicki, M.D.

AskMayoExpert. Age-related macular degeneration. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018.
Preferred practice pattern: Age-related macular degeneration. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2015. http://www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/age-related-macular-degeneration-ppp-2015. Accessed Sept. 22, 2015.
Who is at risk for macular degeneration? American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/amd-risk. Accessed Feb. 13, 2018.
Facts about age-related macular degeneration. National Eye Institute. https://nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/armd_facts. Accessed Feb. 13, 2018.
Mehta S. Age-related macular degeneration. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/retinal-disorders/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd-or-armd. Accessed Feb. 13, 2018.
Khan JC, et al. Smoking and age related macular degeneration: The number of pack years of cigarette smoking is a major determinant of risk for both geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularisation. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2006;90:75.
Arroyo JG. Age-related macular degeneration: Clinical presentation, etiology, and diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 13, 2018.

Sept. 21, 2023