枕神经刺激术是一种外科手术,可能有助于治疗用其他疗法效果不佳的慢性、严重的头痛疾病(如慢性偏头痛)。
枕神经刺激术于 1977 年首次用于治疗头痛,但如今它仍被认为是一种正在开发中的治疗方法。
枕神经始于颈部的底部。在枕神经刺激术中,医生会在颅底植入一个小型装置,将其导线连接到电源上(脉冲发生器),电源会向枕神经发送电脉冲。
通常,医生会将脉冲发生器植入锁骨下,但有时也植入在腹部和臀部。
与枕神经刺激相关的风险包括:手术后可能需要通过手术更改导线的位置,以及感染、疼痛和肌肉痉挛。
研究表明,枕神经刺激可能能够改善一些人的头痛,但结果并不稳定。
此外,关于枕神经刺激的研究到目前为止只涵盖了少数参与者,长期结果十分有限。
一项研究表明,大约 40% 的慢性偏头痛患者报告称在接受枕神经刺激治疗后,其受益长达四年。另一项研究表明,慢性丛集性头痛患者在接受治疗后长达六年的时间里也有类似受益。但这两项研究都没有盲性对照组(无控制),其中一些好处可能是由安慰剂带来的。
最重要的是什么?虽然有些证据表明,枕神经刺激可能对慢性头痛病的治疗有效,但仍需进行进一步研究才能确定这种方法能否作为治疗头痛的长期疗法。
显示参考文献
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July 02, 2022Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/expert-answers/occipital-nerve-stimulation/faq-20057788