卡波西肉瘤

概述

卡波西肉瘤是一种在血管和淋巴管内壁形成的癌症。癌症会在皮肤上形成细胞生长物，称为皮损。皮损通常见于面部、手臂和腿部。皮损可能呈粉红色、红色、紫色或棕色。

皮损也可能出现在生殖器或口腔中。卡波西肉瘤重症患者可能在消化道和肺部出现病损。

卡波西肉瘤的病因是感染人疱疹病毒 8 型（又称 HHV-8）。在健康人群中，这种感染通常不会引起任何症状，因为免疫系统会对其进行控制。但在免疫系统脆弱的人群中，HHV-8 会导致卡波西肉瘤。

卡波西肉瘤有四种类型：

• AIDS 相关型或流行病型卡波西肉瘤。这种类型发生在感染了人体免疫缺陷病毒（又称 HIV）的人群中。HIV 是引起 AIDS 的病毒。
• 移植相关或医源型卡波西肉瘤。这种类型发生在器官移植后服用药物控制免疫系统的人群中。
• 典型卡波西肉瘤。这种类型见于具有东欧、地中海和中东血统的老年男性。通常生长缓慢，可能导致腿部等部位肿胀。
• 地方型卡波西肉瘤。这种类型见于非洲年轻人。可能在皮肤上缓慢生长，也可以在体内快速生长。

症状

Kaposi sarcoma signs and symptoms include:

• A growth on the skin that may be raised or flat.
• A growth on the skin that looks red, purple or brown in color.

The growths, called lesions, most often happen on the face, arms or legs. They usually don't cause discomfort.

If Kaposi sarcoma isn't treated, the lesions can get bigger. They may cause:

• Swelling in the lower legs caused by blood flow problems.
• Enlarged lymph nodes.
• Skin that appears red or purple in color and may be painful and itchy.

Kaposi sarcoma also can affect areas you can't see. It can grow in the digestive tract or lungs. When Kaposi sarcoma happens in the digestive tract, symptoms may include:

• Diarrhea.
• Nausea.
• Stomach pain.
• Vomiting.
• Weight loss.

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have symptoms that worry you.

病因

The human herpes virus 8 causes Kaposi sarcoma. Healthcare professionals believe this virus, also called HHV-8, spreads from person to person through saliva. It also may be passed through blood.

When a healthy person gets the HHV-8 virus, that person's immune system is likely to control it. The virus may stay in the body, but it doesn't cause any problems. If something happens to weaken the immune system, the virus may no longer be controlled. This can lead to Kaposi sarcoma.

风险因素

Risk factors for Kaposi sarcoma include:

• HIV infection. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
• Older age. Kaposi sarcoma can happen at any age. It's most common in adults between 50 and 70.
• Living in certain parts of the world. Kaposi sarcoma is rare in the United States. It's most common in the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa.
• Medicines that weaken the immune system. Some conditions are treated with medicine to control the immune system. Medicine that works in this way often is used after organ transplant surgery.

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