当血液中钠含量异常低或血液中水分过多时,就会发生低血钠(被称为低钠血症)。低血钠常见于老年人,尤其是那些住院治疗或有心脏病、肾病或癌症等长期健康问题的老年人。
低钠血症的症状可能包括恶心和呕吐、精力丧失和意识模糊。严重的低钠血症会引起癫痫发作、昏迷甚至死亡。
低钠血症在老年人中更常见,因为他们更有可能服用药物或者患有导致低钠血症风险的医疗问题。其中包括:
- 使身体产生更多尿液的药物,称为利尿剂。
- 某些类型的抗抑郁药。
- 卡马西平,一种抗癫痫药物。
- 甲状腺或肾上腺机能低下。
- 肾脏、肝脏或心脏功能下降。
- 某些癌症,包括肺癌。
- 某些会导致脱水的疾病,例如感染性肺炎或尿路感染。
低钠血症的治疗可能包括更换影响钠含量的药物、治疗基础疾病、改变饮水量或改变饮食中的盐含量。
显示参考文献
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May 16, 2023Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/expert-answers/low-blood-sodium/faq-20058465